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TRANSFORMERS
Instructor:
Dr. Mahamed Shwehdi
Done By:
Ahmad Saleh Al-Owied
1
Transformers
2
Transformer
electromagnetic device (mutual induction)
1. components:
-- 2 adjacent coils
-- coils not physically connected to each other
3
Transformer (cont.)
2. operation:
a) AC in primary coil produces D B
b) Secondary coil receives a D in I & V
S
N
S
N
4
Transformers
IA Ia
A a
VAB VAN Van Vab
B VBN N n Vcn b
VCN Vbn
C c
5
Transformers
Transformer Three-phase network supplies a
Supply load through a transformer.
Load
Network
Y-Y
6
Wye / Delta connection
IA Ia
A a
a Iac
VAB VAN Vab
Ib
Iba c
VCA B VBN VCN b Vca
N Icb
b Vbc
VBC Ic
C c
7
Transformers
VAN
Transformer
A IA Iba a Ia
AC
VAN Vab Iab
VBN VAB Vab
VCA IB Icb Vca Ib
B b
Ica
Iac
AC
VBN Vbc Ibc
VCN VBC Vbc
C IC Iac c Ic
AC Load
VCN Vca
Supply N
8
Transformers
IA Ia
Rc Xm VAN Van Vs_an
Vp_AN
Y-D
9
Delta / Wye connection
IA Ia
A Vbn
a
IAB
VAB Vab
IB n Van Ib
VCA B ICA Vcn b Vca
VBC Ic Vbc
IBC
IC c
C
10
Delta / Delta connection
IA Ia
A a
IAB Iba
VAB Vab
B ICA Iac
b
c
C
11
Transformers
Three-phase Transformer Relations
Transformer Primary and Secondary Voltage Phase Windings Placed on the Same
Phase Shift*
Connection Relation Leg
* Note: Phase shift lead between line-to-line voltages, VAB and Vab, and line-to-neutral voltages, VAN and Van, and line
currents, IA and Ia.
12
Transformer Turns Ratio
ratio of the # of turns in the NS
secondary coil to the # of turns in TR
NP
the primary coil
numerical factor indicating relative change in
PD across a transformer
TR > 1 = V (step up)
TR < 1 = V (step down)
13
Transformer Law
(change in voltage in a transformer)
D in V is directly proportional to the ratio of the
# of turns in the secondary to the # of turns in
the primary
Formula:
N S VS NS secondary coil turns
= NP primary coil turns
NP VP VS secondary voltage
VP primary voltage
direct relationship
14
Transformer Current
Current in a transformer will be inversely
proportional to the TR of the transformer
formula: N S IP IP primary coil current
= IS secondary coil current
NP IS
I vs. V = inverse relationship
VS IP
=
VP IS
15
Types of Transformers
Based on TURNS RATIO
1. step-up
turns ratio > 1
VS > VP
IS < IP
2. step-down
turns ratio < 1
VS < VP
IS > IP
16
Transformer Types (cont.)
Based on STRUCTURE OF COILS
1. air core
-- inside area of coil is
empty
-- inefficient induction
2. open core
-- ferromagnetic
material inside coils
-- B = induction
17
Transformer Types (cont.)
3. closed core
-- ferromagnetic ends
connected
-- B induction
4. shell
-- lazy square eight
-- overlap of coils on
same ferromagnetic
core
18