Heart Failure

Heart Failure
is a common clinical syndrome that results
from the impaired ability of the ventricle to fill
with or eject blood.

The term heart failure is preferred over the

older term congestive heart failure because
not all patients with heart failure have volume
overload.
Stages of Heart Failure
Stages of Heart Failure
Terminology related to left ventricular ejection fraction

Classification Ejection Description

Fraction
I. Heart Failure 40% Also referred to as systolic HF. Randomized
with Reduced clinical trials have mainly enrolled patients
Ejection Fraction with HFrEF and it is only in these patients that
(HFrEF) efficacious therapies have been demonstrated
to date.

II. Heart Failure 50% Also referred to as diastolic HF. Several

with Preserved different criteria have been used to further
Ejection Fraction define HFpEF. The diagnosis of HFpEF is
(HFpEF) challenging because it is largely one of
excluding other potential noncardiac causes of
symptoms suggestive of HF. To date,
efficacious therapies have not been identified.
Diagnosis of HF
Requires:

2 major criteria or

1 major criteria + 2
minor criteria,
(provided that the
minor criteria are
not attributed to
another medical
condition
Pathophysiology
ESC guidelines 2012
ESC guidelines 2012
ESC guidelines 2012
ACUTE HEART FAILURE
 ACUTE HEART FAILURE
The term used to describe the rapid onset of, or change in,
symptoms & signs of HF
Life threatening condition requires immediate medical
attention
In most cases, AHF arises as a result of deterioration in
patients with a previous diagnosis of HF
there is often a clear precipitant/ trigger (arrhythmia,
discontinuation of diuretic, volume overload or severe
hypertension)
May also be the first presentation of HF (de novo AHF).
Precipitants & causes of AHF
Goals of treatment in AHF
Terima Kasih