UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING,
RTU,KOTA
ppt
on

kota railway

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
Mr. Ashok Kumar Sharma sunil kumar
(associate professor)
(13/085)
Dr. Annapurna bhargava Electrical engg.
(professor) batch EE-5
 RAILWAY SYSTEM
For the proper electric control of railway traction,
raiway system is divided in four departments.

1. TRD- traction and distribution

2. TRO- traction rolling operation department
3. TRS- traction rolling stock
4. G/POWER- general power
 TRACTION AND DISTRIBUTION
DEPARTMENT
Defination of traction:-
By which source engine is driven on the track
is called 'traction'. In this way railway traction is of three types for
example.

steam engine
diesel engine
electrical engine
Now a day's electric traction is very usefull &
convenient. So we prefer the elctric traction, but in non electrical
sections diesel engine is used
 POWER SUPPLY INSTALLATION(PSI)

25KV AC traction is used in railway system.It is the

system through which power is supplied & distributed
to the OHE. The installation & control of power supply
is being done by PSI through following medium such
as traction sub station(TSS), section & parallaling
post(SP), sub- sectioning & parallaling post(SSP).

Kota TSS - Gurla

 MAIN PARTS OF PSI :-

FEEDIND POST :-
It is a supply control post of OHE. By this 25KV single phase
supply is given to OHE through breaker main(BM).

SECTIONING & PARALLALING POST(SP):-

It is made to separate the power supply of two different sub-
station and to extend the power supply from one feeding post to
second feeding post by closing BM. Supply of two adjacent posts
is seperate by the neutral section.
NEUTRAL SECTION :-
It is a insulated piece of OHE which is provided to seperate
the supply of two defferent posts of different phases.
It is made of insulated material.

SUB- SECTIONING & PARALLALING POST :-

These are supply control post, installed between feeding post
and sectioning & parallaling post. They may be two or more in
numbers.
 TRACTION SUB-STATION(TSS)

arrangement of traction sub-station & feeding :-

Only two phase supply recieve from three phase transmission line of 132KV
grid and this supply is given to the primary side of power transformer.
We give the different phase supply to different sub-station for keeping the
load balance condition of generating station.
Step-down transformer is used in traction sub station which gives out 25kv
ac supply at its second side. One end of secondary side is connected to earth
and the another end is connected to the OHE through circuit breaker and
other safety equipments.
Feeding system is 100% stand by using two numbers power transformers in
TSS. One is kept on load and another is kept off load at a time.
 NORMAL CONDITION OF SUB STATION :-

132KV supply is connected incoming side of the

traction sub- station by the feeder. This supply is given to primary side
of transfomer. Every traction sub station normally has to power
transfomers of 132/25 KV ratio.
the capacity of transformers is 12.5, 21.6 or 30 MVA.

EQUIPMENTS USES IN TSS :-

lightning arrester LA
isolater
circuit breaker CB
current transformer CT
potential transformer PT
bus coupler BC/BX
step down power transformer (132KV/25KV)
auxillary transformer (25KV/230V) AT
LIGHTNING ARRESTER (LA) :-

Lightning arrester is a protective

device against HV.
Lightning arresters are used to
ground high surge during lightning in
rainy season for the safe guard of
equipments of other equipments.
A lightning arrestor has two terminal
one is the high voltage terminal and
one terminal is ground.
Rating is 120 KV.
Zno type LA are mostly used.
 ISOLATER

Isolators are designed to

open a ckt under no load.
Its main purpose is to
isolate portion of ckt from
the other & is not intended
to be opened while
current is flowing in the OPEN CONDITION
line.
Isolators can be operated
either manually or
automatically only after
current has been
interrupted by some other
control device.
CLOSED CONDITION
 CURCUIT BREAKER (CB)

It is a auto triping device. When the fault occurs in circuit, then CB get's
automatically trip. It is capable of breaking high current.
A circuit breaker is a equipment which can:-
Break a ckt automatically under fault conditions.
Make a ckt either manually or by remote control.

PRINCIPLE:-
A circuit breaker essentially consists of fixed & moving
contacts, called electrodes under normal operating conditions, these
contacts remain closed & will not open automatically until & unless the
systems becomes faulty. When a fault occurs on any part of the system, the
trip coils of the breaker get Energised & the moving contacts are pulled
apart by some mechanism. Thus opening the circuit.
It is generally used in on load condition.
Circuit breakers used in TSS are following :-
a. 132kv circuit breaker
b. Transformer circuit breaker
c. Feeder circuit breaker

CLASSIFICATION:-
Oil circuit breakers
Sulphur Hexa Fluroide circuit breakers
Air-Blast circuit breakers
Vaccum circuit breakers

Under training SF6 and oil circuit breaker were used in the TSS.
high density
high dielectric strength
more effective in arc quenching
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ISOLATOR AND
CIRCUIT BREAKER

Isolator is used in off load condition When current is

not flowing into the line, because there is no arc
interrupting medium.

Circuit breaker is used on load condition because arc

interrupting medium is available.
 INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS

Instrument traansformers are used for measurement and

proctetive applications together with equipments such as
meters & relays.
The lines in a station are operated at high voltages and carry
currents of thousands of amperes. The measuring and
protective devices are designed for low voltage generally 100v
and currents about 5A, therefore they will not work satisfactory
if mounted on the power lines. This difficulty can be overcome
by using instrument transformers, which will step down the
voltages and currents to the convenient level for the operation
of measuring instruments & relays
 CURRENT TRANSFORMER(CT)
C.T. is an instrument transformer used for measuering of high values of current &
also for the protection of the power transformer through relay. C.T. is used for
reducing A.C. from higher to lower value for measurement/protection/control.
CT is connected in series with H.V. or L.V. side. one side of the secondary side is
connecting to the earth.
IS =IP * NP/NS
Ratings of CTs normally used in TSS
132KV side is 400-200/5amp, 200-100/5amp.
25KV side is 750-1500/5amp, 500-1000/5amp

Secondary of CT is short circuited due to following reasons :-

If the secondary is open circuited , no current flow secondary side, so no counter
magnetic field , flux in the core saturates and char. Of CT changes and damage
permanently
No of sec. turns high , so high voltage induce which can harm the persons working on the
panel
 POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER(PT)
Potential transformer (voltage transformer) is used
for protection and measurement.Voltage transformer
is necessary for directional, voltage, distance
protection.
A PT or sometimes called VT is a step-down
transformer having many primary turns but few
secondary turns.
In a step-down transformer the voltage decreases
and the current increases, thus voltage can be easily
measured by using a low-range voltmeter
instrument.
Rating of PTs usually in TSS
132KV/230V

A VT is a "stepdown transformer" that steps down voltage from a very high

voltage level(132KV,...) to a lower level(110V). Since, the power(P=VI) in a
transformer(input and output) is same, the current rises to a very high level.
Thus, a very high resistance is maintained at the secondary terminal to limit
the current(which appears as open circuit)
 BUS BARS

DEFINITION:-
A bus bar is a conducting bar that carries heavy currents to
supply several electric circuits. When a no. of generators or
feeders operating at the same voltage level to be directly
connected electrically, Bus bar are used as the common
electrical component. Bus bars are copper rod or thin walled
tubes and operate at constant voltage.

TYPES OF BUSBARS:-
Main Bus bar
Auxiliary Bus bar
One Bus bar is main Bus bar & another is spare or Auxiliary
Bus bar.
 AUXILLARY TRANSFORMER

It is a step- down transformer. It

converts 25KV into 230V.
It supplies power
Power transformer cooling fans
Driving motor for on-load tap
changer of a power transformer
Station battery (DC system)
charger(s)
Substation lighting
For Control room
 TRANSFORMER

It is a static AC machine with based onthe mutual

induction which transfer electric energy from one electric
circuit to another electric circuit without change in
frequency
132/25 kv transformer is used in TSS for
traction.132kv supply is obtained by the grid substation
of elctricity board.
It is a step down transformer.
Rating of transformer is 21.6 MVA.
 PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMER
Transformer have many relays which are provided for
protection purpose.
A relay is automatic device which senses an abnormal
condition of electrical circuit and closes its contacts. These
contacts in turns close and complete the circuit breaker trip
coil circuit hence make the circuit breaker tripped for
disconnecting the faulty portion of the electrical circuit from
rest of the healthy circuit.

DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS:-
This relay is connected to bushing CTs of power transformer
concidering the max/min tap setting its setting is kept 30%
biased to avoid false tripping.

EARTH LEAKAGE CURRENT RELAYS:-

The value of earth leakage current is not be more than 0.5
amp. If it is provide transformers protection.
 BUCHHOLZ'S RELAY:-

It is a gas actuated relay & safety

device used for the proctection of
transformer.
It is connected between the
transformer tank & conservator
by a pipe.It has two contects
When initial fault occur then one
contact is make and the signal is
obtained from alarm.
When the major fault occur then
other contact is make break the
ckt. In this way, they provide
transformer protection.
 The other protections are

OIL TEMPRATURE INDICATOR:-

The oil temperature of the
transformer is almost 80 degree C
then we get alarm signal & when the
temp. is more than 85 degree C then
relay is trip.

WINDING TEMPRATURE
INDICATOR:-
When the winding temp. of
transformer is almost 90 degree C
then we get alarm signal & when the
temp. is more than 95 degree C then
relay is trip.
 BREATHER:-

It is connected to the
conservator by a pipe. In
this silica gel is filled. Silica
gel observes the moisture
of atmospheric air and
provide dry air to
transformer.In this way it is
provide safety to
transformer oil from
moisture.For this age of oil
is increased.
 RELAYS USED FOR FROTECTION OF FEEDER ARE

Over current relay(OCR-3)

Distance fault relay(MHO)
Wrong phase coupling(WPC)
Delta- I relay
 EARTHING

The main reason for doing earthing in

electrical network is for the safety.
When all metallic parts in electrical
equipments are grounded then if the
insulation inside the equipments fails
there are no dangerous voltages
present in the equipment case.
To save human life from danger of
electrical shock or death.
To lightning overvoltage protection
Methods of earthing arrangments at
132 KV/25KV TSS:
pipe earthing
plate earthing
 CONTROL ROOM

Control room is a place from where we control all the

actions on all equipment in the yard.
The control room work on 110V Dc supply. These supply are
taken from the station transformer By convert ac to dc
through the rectifiers. In the case of failure of ac supply, DC supply
voltage will be available automatically from the lead acid battery.

Control Panels:-
Control panels contain meters, control switches and recorders.
These are used to measure all readings and to control the
substation equipment, to send power from one circuit to another
or to open or shut down circuits when needed.

Relay Panels:-
In Which the different types of relays are present for different
fault protection, and indicate that type of fault
 The control room work on
110V DC supply. These
supply are taken from the
station transformer By
convert ac to dc through
the rectifiers. In the case of
failure of ac supply. DC
supply voltage will be
available automatically
from the lead acid battery.

In battery rooms 55
batteries of each 2V is
connected in series to
provide 110V.
 CAPACITOR BANK

For compensate the reactive power, we use capacitor

bank.
Advantage-
It reduces Line current of the system.
It improves voltage level of the load.
It improves power factor.

It is subdivided into two categories:-

Shunt capacitor
Series Capacitor
 BREAKER MAIN (BM)
BRIDGING BM:-
It is installed at SP for extending the power supply of one F.P.
up to another F.P. in case of supply failure.It is provided to
bridge neutral section during supply failure. Normally it is kept
in open condition.

SECTIONING BM:-
It is installed at SSP. It gives regular supply to sub-sector. It is
close in normal condition.

PARALLELING BM:-
It is installed in both SP & SSP. This is connected between UP
line and DN line OHE to paralleling the supply of up & down
line.
Thank You