Bug of the Day

Treponema pallidium
Causative agent of
Syphilis
A spirochete
Has never been
cultured
Microerophilic growth
Bacterial Cell Morphology
Common Shapes
Less Common Shapes
Arrangement
Size (Bacteria)
Extreme
Epulopiscium-0.7mm
length;
Beggitoa-3 cms?
Typical bacteria 0.1-
0.2 m diameter; 1-10
m length; average 2
m
Size limited by
surface area of
bacteria, diffusion
 Size makes Prokaryotes unlike
Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes must expend significant
energy to transport nutrients in; wastes out
Bacteria are much more dependant on
diffusion (especially faciliated)
Cellular structures
Typical Cell Membranes-note no
carbohydrates
 Membranes
Phospholipids in Bacteria,
Eukarya and Archaea
Bacteria & Eukarya ester
linkage of fatty acid to
glycerol
Archaea ether linkage of
isoprene derived side
chain
Eukaryotes contain
sterols, one exception
Gram + Cells
Gram + cell Wall (cont.)
The Cell Wall Peptidoglycan
N-acetylglucoseamine & N-
acetylmuramic acid
Gram Crosslinkage
Gram + Crosslinkage
Note: D-amino acids
Gram Cell Wall
Gram Cell wall
 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Endotoxin Salmonella, Shigella,
Escherichia
O-polysaccharide linked to lipid
Outer membrane, contains many porins
Periplasm (Periplasmic space) the region
between LPS and cytoplasmic membrane
Flagella
Peritrichous
Polar
Single
Multiple
Runs and Twiddles-
chemotaxis
Structure of Flagella
 Cell wall and Osmosis
Cell wall protects cells from hypotonic
solutions.
Lysozyme
Protoplasts-parts of cell wall remaining.
Isotonic solutions only. Cells can divide.
Spheroplasts-cell wall totally removed.
Cells cannot divide
Mycoplasma- no cell wall
L-forms
 Archaea
Some Archaea have a carbohydrate
similar to peptidoglycan
(pseudopeptidoglycan)
NAG and N-acetylosaminuronic acid one
type.
Some Archaea have pure protein cell walls
Fimbriae and Pili
Capsules
Storage and Inclusions
Gas Vesicles and Membrane
Invaginations
Spores-Separate cells