Introduction to Cloud Computing

2008-08
Liming Liu

www.cloudcomputingchina.com

liuliming2008@126.com
 Content
What is cloud computing
Cloud computing discriminate
Cloud computing technology
Cloud computing products and market

www.cloudcomputingchina
.com
Cloud Computing new IT buzzword
Cloud computing, at backside of this buzzword, is a concept like the
flower in the glass. Every enterprise and person, want to explain this
concept by their own benefits. But, if give a neutral definition to it, begin
it here.

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 Cloud computing definition
Cloud computing is a resource delivery and usage model, it
means get resource (Hardware, software)via network. The n
etwork of providing resource is called Cloud. The hardware
resource in the Cloud seems scalable infinitely and can be u
sed whenever.

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Cloud computing and technology
New advances in processors, virtualization technology, distributed stor
age, broadband Internet access , automated management and fast, ine
xpensive servers have all combined to make cloud computing a compe
lling paradigm.This vast process power is usually got with a distributed,
large-scale server cluster and server virtualization software.

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 Cloud computing impact
As a result, cloud computing has the potential to upend the software
industry entirely, as applications are purchased, licensed and run over
the network instead of a user's desktop. This shift will put data centers
and their administrators at the center of the distributed network, as
processing power, electricity, bandwidth and storage are all managed
remotely. It affects not only business models, but the underlying
architecture of how we develop, deploy, run and deliver applications.

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 Content
What is cloud computing
Cloud computing discriminate
Cloud computing technology
Cloud computing products and market

www.cloudcomputingchina
.com
Cloud computings brother buzzw
ords
Cloud computing is becoming one of the next industry buzz words. And
it has more or less relation with these words: grid computing, utility co
mputing, virtualization, server cluster, Dedicated server, Colocation. Cl
oud computing infrastructure usually use virtualization technology, and
is built based on a server cluster, have nature relation to grid computin
g and utility computing, and is use to compete with Dedicated server a
nd Colocation.

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 Utility computing
Utility computing is a business model of providing computing resource user get and u
se the computing resource from service provider and pay for practically used resource. T
o say it simply, it is a price model based on resource usage quantity. The main benefit of
utility computing is better economics. Corporate data centers are notoriously underutilize
d, with resources such as servers often idle 85 percent of the time. This is due to overpro
visioning buying more hardware than is needed on average in order to handle peaks
(such as the opening of the Wall Street trading day or the holiday shopping season), to h
andle expected future loads and to prepare for unanticipated surges in demand. Utility co
mputing allows companies to only pay for the computing resources they need, when they
need them.

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 Comparison of Utility Computing
and Cloud Computing
Utility computing is a business model, it is a type of price model to deliver
application infrastructure resource. Cloud computing is a computing model,
relates to the way we design, build, deploy and run applications that operate in
a sharing resources and boasting the ability to dynamically grow, shrink and
self-heal. Utility computing is often need a cloud computing infrastructure, but
not must need. Sameness, above the cloud computing, we can adopt utility
computing, and, we can adopt other price model.

Cloud computing

Utility computing
Monitor
Meter
Billing
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Pay
 Distributed Computing
Distributed computing deals with hardware and software systems containing mor
e than one processing element or storage element, concurrent processes, or
multiple programs, running under a loosely or tightly controlled regime.In distribut
ed computing a program is split up into parts that run simultaneously on multi
ple computers communicating over a network. Distributed computing is a form of
parallel computing, but parallel computing is most commonly used to describe pro
gram parts running simultaneously on multiple processors in the same computer.
Both types of processing require dividing a program into parts that can run simult
aneously, but distributed programs often must deal with heterogeneous environm
ents, network links of varying latencies, and unpredictable failures in the network
or the computers.

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 Grid computing
Grid computing is a term for either of two broad subcategories of distributed computing : 1
Online computation or storage offered as a service supported by a pool of distributed
computing resources, also known as utility computing , on-demand computing, or
cloud computing . Data grids provide controlled sharing and management of large
amounts of distributed data, often used in combination with computational grids. 2 The
creation of a "virtual supercomputer" composed of a network of loosely-coupled
computers, acting in concert to perform very large tasks. This technology has been
applied to computationally-intensive scientific, mathematical, and academic problems
through volunteer computing , and it is used in commercial enterprises for such diverse
applications as drug discovery, economic forecasting , seismic analysis , and back-office
data processing in support of e-commerce and web services.

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Difference between Cloudcomputing
and grid computing
Grid computing emphasizes on resource sharing, every grid node can apply for resource from other nodes, and every
node should contribute resource to the grid. The focus of grid computing is on the ability of moving a workload to the lo
cation of theneeded computing resources, which are mostly remote and are readily available for use.Grids also require
applications to conform to the grid software interfaces.
Cloud computing emphasize on proprietary, every user out of the cloud can get its own private resource from the clou
d, and the cloud resource are provided by the specific service provider, the user need not contribute its resource. In a cl
oud environment, computing resouces, such as servers, can be dynamically shaped or carved out from its underlying h
ardware infrastructure and made available to a workload. In addition, while a cloud does support grid, a cloud can also
support nongrid environments,such as a three-tier Web architecture running traditional or Web 2.0 applications.
Grid computing emphasizes on computing sensitive task, and is difficult to automated scale. Cloud computing emphasi
zes on transactional application, a great amount of separate request, and can scale automatically or semiautomatically.

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 Computer cluster
A computer cluster is a group of coupled computers that work together closely
so that in many respects they can be viewed as though they are a single compu
ter. The components of a cluster are commonly, but not always, connected to e
ach other through fast local area networks. Clusters are usually deployed to im
prove performance and/or availability over that provided by a single computer,
while typically being much more cost-effective than single computers of compar
able speed or availability.[1]
Grids tend to be more loosely coupled, heterogeneous, and geographically disp
ersed, grid computers do not fully trust each other.

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 Virtualization
Virtualization is a broad term that refers to the abstraction of computer resources. Virtualization hides
the physical characteristics of computing resources from their users, be they applications, or end use
rs.[1] This includes making a single physical resource (such as a server, an operating system, an app
lication, or storage device) appear to function as multiple virtual resources; it can also include making
multiple physical resources (such as storage devices or servers) appear as a single virtual resource.
[2]
Virtualization technology is a aggregative term of technical means and methods to implement virtualiz
ation. It can be divided to many types based on objects: storage virtualization, computing virtualizatio
n, network virtualization. Computing virtualization include OS level virtualization, application level v
irtualization, hyper visor. Hypervisor include: host vm and guest vm.

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 Cloud computing break out
Compared to its brother buzzwords, cloud computing is just beginning. Trends
in usage of the terms from Google searches shows Cloud Computing is a
relatively new term introduced in the past year. There has also been a decline
in general interest of Grid, Utility and Distributed computing.
Cloud Computing and Virtualization are the next hot hosting platforms; the
Dedicated server term is slowly starting to lose ground vs. Virtualization and
Cloud Computing.

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 Content
What is cloud computing
Cloud computing discriminate
Cloud computing technology
Cloud computing products and market

www.cloudcomputingchina
.com
 What cloud computing means to
service provider?
Fast Provision
Reduce servers scale
Increase resource utilization rate
Improve management efficiency
Lower maintenance cost
Location of infrastructure in areas with lower costs of
real estate and electricity
Provide business continuity service
Improve management efficiency
Improve service levels
Complex architecture
Change of business model and faith
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What cloud computing means to s
uers?
Lower client workload
Lower Total Cost Ownership
Separation of infrastructure maintenance duties from d
omain-specific application development
Separation of application code from physical resources
Not have to purchase assets for one-time or infrequent
intensive computing tasks
Expand resource on-demand
Make the application have high availability
Quickly deploy application
Pay per use

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 Cloud computing infrastructure
features
Self-healing
Multi-tenancy
Virtualized
Linearly Scalable
Resource Monitor and measure
Resource registration and discovery

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 Cloud computing infrastructure
architecture
The physical hardware layer is virtualized to provide a flexible adaptive platform to i
mprove resource utilization. The keys to new enterprise data center infrastructure s
ervices are the next two layers, the virtualization environment and management lay
er. The combination of these two layers ensure that resources in a data center are
efficiently managed and can be provisioned, deployed, and configured rapidly.

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 Difficulties for cloud computing
Continuous high availability
Cosistency
Interoperability and standarlization
Scalability of all components
Data secrecy
Legal and political problem of data store and transl
ation across regions
Performance issue
Difficulty customizing
Organizational obstacle

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Potencial issues in cloud computi
ng
Privileged user access.
Regulatory compliance.
Data location.
Data segregation.
Recovery.
Investigative support.
Long-term viability.

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 Content
What is cloud computing
Cloud computing discriminate
Cloud computing technology
Cloud computing products and market

www.cloudcomputingchina
.com
10 examples of entpereises using
the clouds
The NY Times
Amazon EC2
Nasdaq
Amazon S3
Major League Baseball
Joyent
ESPN
Rightscale using Amazon EC2
Hasbro
Amazon EC2
British Telecom
3Tera
Taylor Woodrow
Google Apps
CSS
Amazon EC2
Activision
Amazon EC2
Business Objects (A SAP Company)
Rightscale using Amazon EC2

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Cloud computing market

Software as a service Everything is a service

Platform as a service

Infrastructure as a service

Cloud technology enabler

Hardware provider

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Cloud computing infrastructure tech&
solution provider
3Tera - AppLogic grid OS used as cloud computing platform by service provider
s and enterprises
Appistry - Cloud computing middleware - Enables easily scalable cloud computi
ng in the enterprise.
Cassatt - Cassatt Active Response platform enables administrators to set polici
es to power physical and virtual servers safely on and off and pool their comput
ing resources.
CloudHan - Cloud tech and infrastructure consultant, in China.
CloudScale Networks - Cloud enabler. Currently in private ALPHA only
Enomaly Inc - Service Provider & Cloud Enabler - Developer of the Enomalism
Elastic Computing Platform & Elastic Drive
Q-layer - provides software for data centers that enables cloud computing, sup
port VSAN, VLAN, VPDC, currently support VMware ESX.
Skytap - IaaS service optimized for QA, Training, Demo, and Ops Testing. Sup
ports VMware, Xen hypervisors & Windows, Linux & Solaris OS guests.

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 Cloud computing infrastructure
provider
Agathon Group - Cloud provider. Services include highly available VPS, virtual
private datacenters and ready-to-use LAMP stacks. Self-service ordering. Cust
om development and managed services available.
Amazon Web Services - Amazon EC2/S3 (Hardware-a-a-S & Cloud Storage)
CohesiveFT - CohesiveFT Elastic Server On-Demand
ElasticHosts - UK-based instant, on-demand servers in the cloud
Flexiscale - Another instant provisioner of web servers with some advanced fea
tures like auto-scaling coming soon.
GoGrid - instant, on-demand servers offering "control in the cloud". Deploy Wi
ndows/Linux servers via web-interface in minutes
GridLayer - Cloud Provider. A service by Layered Technologies that delivers
Virtual Private Datacenters and virtual private servers from grids of commodity
servers
LayeredTechnologies - Cloud Provider. provider of on-demand hosting and clou
d and utility computing solutions through its brand GridLayer
Mosso - Rackspace's cloud hosting service
Newservers - Instant provisioning of web servers either Windows or Linux

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 Cloud computing Paas provider
Bungee Connect - Provides end to end tools and systems required to d
evelop, deploy and host web applications (Platform as a Service)
Coherence - Oracle Coherence Data Grid for EC2 and other cloud platf
orms
Force.com - Salesforce.com's application development platform (Paa
S)
GigaSpaces - middleware for the cloud, "cloudware"
Google AppEngine - (PaaS)Now support python
Heroku - Ruby on Rails in their Cloud
Qrimp - An AJAX based PaaS
RightScale - RightScale provides a platform and expertise that enable
companies to create scalable web applications running on Amazons W
eb Services that are reliable, easy to manage, and cost less

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 Service provider based on Cloud
computing
CAM Solutions - SaaS Provider. Cloud Event Management
, Autonomics and Monitoring-as-a-Service(TM)
CloudStatus- CloudEnabler. Real-time performance trendin
g of cloud infrastructure (currently AWS).
Kaavo's IMOD is an easy to use online application. Cloud
Computing Made Easy.
Microsoft Mesh
Nasstar - SaaS provider. Business grade Hosted Desktop
service, UK market leaders.
Nirvanix - Cloud Storage
TrustSaaS - uptime monitoring and alerting service ('SaaS
Weather Report') for Software as a Service (SaaS) run by a
n independent third party
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 Cloud computing open source
projects
Infrastructure management projects
Enomalism, convirt, redhat genome, hyperV
M, lxlabs, LN, OpenNEbula, reservoir-fp7, s
calr,eucalyptus,ganeti,gplhost ovirt
Useful open source projects to build cloud plat
form :
Kenso, hyperic, virt-P2V

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 Thanks
Liming Liu

liuliming2008@126.com

www.cloudcomputingchina
.com