DIFFERENTIAL GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM

SHREE MADHAV INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER

& INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

PRESENTED BY : Maury Anand L. (1570)

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Agenda
Abstract
Introduction
History of DGPS
How DGPS system works
Error Possibilities in GPS
Advantages
Limitations
Applications
References

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 Abstract
Normal GPS (Global Positioning System) is not accurate
enough for the applications.
For greater accuracy, a Differential GPS system will be
implemented. To do this, two GPS units are required. A base
station, with a known position, sends error correction data to a
mobile unit.
The error correction data is sent wirelessly through a radio
link.
The data can then be viewed on a laptop computer for
statistical analysis.

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 Introduction
What is DGPS
DGPS is a satellite-based for Navigation.
DGPS improves the GPS position and speed measurements.
DGPS provides perfect location within 10 cm.

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 The military requires very precise measurements across their
Battle scene.

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 History of GPS
Global positioning system is developed and funded by US
Government and managed by department of defense.
1973 - Decision to develop a satellite navigation system for
military.
1974 -1979 conducted system tests by US air force and navy.
2000 Final deactivation of SA to give positional accuracy of
20M from 100M.
2005 Launching of the IIRM GPS satellite that supports the
new military M signal and the second civil signal L2C.

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 History of DGPS
This technique was accuracy and integrity. This technique was
developed in the early 1980s, and it is developed in the early 1980s,
and it is widely used in various forms.

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 DGPS in Detail
DGPS is a method of improving the accuracy of your receiver
by adding a local reference station to augment the information
available from the satellites. It also improves the integrity of
the whole GPS system by identifying certain errors.
Differential GPS uses one unit at a known location and a
rover.
The stationary unit compares its calculated GPS location with
the actual location and computes the error.
The rover data is adjusted for the error.

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 Types of DGPS System
1) Real-Time DGPS
2) Satellite Differential Services

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Real time DGPS

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Satellite Differential Services

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Error Possibilities in GPS
The receiver is not synchronized with the atomic clock in the
satellite.
The estimate of the position of the satellite.
Multi path errors : Ghost signals from Multi path errors :
Ghost signals from reflected radio waves.
Not free sight to many enough satellites.
Noise in the receiver.

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Source Of Errors in GPS
Error Value

Ionosphere 4.0 meters

Clock 2.1 meters

Ephemeris 2.1 meters

Troposphere 0.7 meters

Receiver 0.5 meters

Multipath 1.0 meter

Total 10.4 meters

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GPS Errors

Noise Error
Baises Error
Blunder Error
Clock Error

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Equipment Used

Two Novatel RT-20 Receivers

Operate at 1575.42 MHz
12 Channel Receivers
Two Free Wave Radios
Operate at 928 MHz
20 mile line of sight range
Laptop, Computer

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Components of DGPS
Master receiver and rovers
Master receiver is kept at known point.
Relative position of rovers are fixed with respect to
the fixed with respect to the master receiver.

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How DGPS System Works

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Errors Removed by DGPS

GPS DGPS

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Errors Removed by DGPS

Signal Noise 0-30 meters All Removed

Clock Drift 0-1.5 meters All Removed
Multipath 0-1 meters All Removed
Ephemeris Data 1-5 meters All Removed
Troposphere 0-30 meters All Removed
Ionosphere 0-30 meters Mostly Removed

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Advantages
DGPS helps to know perfect location on the earth.
Provide accurate data within a minute.
GPS is quite accurate; however, using DGPS pushes its
accuracy even further.
GPS/DGPS makes A/L guidance every precise as oppose to
ILS and MLS.

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Limitations

The coverage area to take advantage of DGPS is limited.

To ensure greater coverage area more DGPS stations need to
be added.
The position accuracy degrades as the separation between
DGPS and aircraft GPS-Rx increases.

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Applications
Air Navigation
By using it a pilot can receive constant information about
where the plane is in 3 dimensions.
Weather forecasting
Where atmospheric information can be gained from its effects on
the satellite signals.
Train Control
For such things as avoiding collisions and routing.
Marine, Ship Navigation
By using it a ship can receive constant information about current
location and parking location on port.

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References

Website :
www.en.wikipedia.org
www.dgll.nic.in
Location :
Hazira DGPS Station

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