Resonance & Filters

Unit 5
Contents

Series Resonance

Parallel Resonance
Series Resonance
Resonance is a condition in an RLC circuit in
which the capacitive and inductive reactance are
equal in magnitude, thereby resulting in purely
resistive impedance.
Series Resonance

The features of series resonance:

The impedance is purely resistive, Z = R;
The supply voltage Vs and the current I are in phase, so cos = 1.
The inductor voltage and capacitor voltage can be much more than the source
voltage.
Series Resonance
The average power absorbed by the RLC circuit is

The highest power dissipated occurs at resonance:

Half-power frequencies 1 and 2 are frequencies at which the dissipated

power is half the maximum value:
Series Resonance
Cut-off frequencies

Bandwidth B
Series Resonance
Quality factor,

The relationship between the B, Q and o:

Parallel Resonance

Resonance frequency:

Half power frequencies

Parallel Resonance
Problem: 1
A series-connected circuit has R = 4 and L = 25 mH.
a) Calculate the value of C that will produce a quality factor of 50.
b) Find 1, 2 and B.
c) Determine the average power dissipated at = o , 1 and 2 . Take Vm =100 V
Problem: 2

A parallel RLC circuit, which is driven by a variable frequency 2A

current source, has the following values:
R = 1 k, L = 400 mH and C = 10 F. Determine the,
a) bandwidth of the network;
b) Half power frequencies; and
c) Voltage across the network at half power frequencies.
Problem: 3
Let = 20 cos in the circuit. Find the following:
a) resonant frequency,
b) Quality factor, Q
c) Bandwidth, B
d) What value of capacitance must be connected in series to a
1 capacitor, so that its bandwidth is doubled.
Problem: 4

A parallel RLC resonant circuit has a resistance of 200 . If it is

known that the bandwidth is 80 rad/s and the lower half-power
frequency is 800 rad/sec, Determine the values of the parameters L
and C.
Filters
 Passive Filters
A filter is a circuit that is designed to pass signals with
desired frequencies and reject or attenuate others.

Passive filter consists of only passive element R, L and

C.

There are four types of filters.

a) Low pass filter
b) High Pass Filter
c) Band-pass Filter
d) Band-stop Filter

16
 Types of filters
Low-pass filter:
A low-pass filter passes low frequencies and stops high frequencies, as
shown ideally in Figure.

High-pass filter:
A highpass filter passes high frequencies and rejects low frequencies,
as shown ideally in Fig.
 Types of filters
Band-pass Filter:
A bandpass filter passes frequencies within a frequency band and blocks or
attenuates frequencies outside the band, as shown ideally in Figure.

Band-stop Filter:
A bandstop filter passes frequencies outside a frequency band and blocks or
attenuates frequencies within the band, as shown ideally in Figure.
Low pass Filter
Passive Filters
 Limitations of passive Filters
There are three major limitations to the passive filters
First, they cannot generate gain greater than 1; passive
elements cannot add energy to the network.
Second, they may require bulky and expensive inductors.
Third, they perform poorly at frequencies below the audio
frequency range 300 < < 3000
Nevertheless, passive filters are useful at high frequencies.
Problems
Determine what type of filter is shown in Figure. Calculate the corner
frequency, fc.
 References:
1. Charles K Alexander, M.N.O.S. (2013), in fundamentals of Electric
Circuits, 5th edition, United states of America: Mc Graw Hill.
2. Hayt, W.H., Kemmerly, J.E. and Durbin, S.M. (2012), in
engineering Circuit Analysis, 8th edition, New York: Mc GrawHill.