Source Rock

KELOMPOK 2
1. Anshar Rahman
2. Daniel Baptista
3. Johannes Silaban
4. Rifqi Bambang P
5. Rivo Adikusuma
Outline
Definisi Source Rock
Lingkungan Source Rock
Tipe Kerogen
Diagram Van krevelen
Tingkat kematangan sumur
Source Rock Definition
A type of rock which contains organic matter
and is capable to generate the hydrocarbons.
There are several types of organic material
found in rocks that will generate
hydrocarbons.
There are three general categories, one is
algae, a second is marine planktonic
organisms and bacteria and the third is
terrestrial plants (like leaves and stems).
Best example of source rock is shale.
Organic mater Depositional
Environments
-Sufficient supply of
OM
-Oxygen depleted
environment
Annual Production of Organic Material in
Ocean

(Killops & Killops,

Preservation

Water density
contrast (saline Good
water will be in Preserva
lower part) tion
Definisi Kerogen
Kerogen adalah suatu unsur organik sedimen
pada batuan sedimen yang tidak larut pada
pelarut organik biasa.
Komposisi dari kerogen teridiri dari material
organik termasuk alga,pollen,wood, vitrinite
dan material tanpa struktur
Type of Kerogen
Sapropelic/Type I kerogen (primarily of Alga
origin) with oil generation potential
Harbaceous/type II kerogen (organic matter
comprise of planktonic marine organism) with
wet gas generation potential
Humic/type III kerogen(from terrestrial plant
materials) with dry gas generation potential
Inertinite/type IV kerogen (oxidized plant
material) with no generation potential.
Tingkat Kematangan Batuan Sumber
(Hydrocarbon Maturity)
Hydrocarbon
Extracted hydrocarbons in a liquid form are referred to
aspetroleum(literally "rock oil") ormineral oil, whereas
hydrocarbons in a gaseous form are referred to asnatural gas.
The extraction of liquid hydrocarbon fuel fromsedimentary
basinsis integral to modernenergy development.
Hydrocarbons areminedfromoil sandsandoil shale, and
potentially extracted from sedimentarymethane hydrates.
These reserves require distillation and upgrading to
producesynthetic crudeand petroleum.
Economically important hydrocarbons includefossil fuelssuch
ascoal, petroleum andnatural gas, and its derivatives such
asplastics,paraffin,waxes,solventsand oils.
Hydrocarbons along withNOxandsunlight contribute to the
formation oftropospheric ozoneandgreenhouse gases.
Maturity (geology)
Thematurityof arockis a measure of its state in terms
ofhydrocarbongeneration. Maturity is established using a combination
ofgeochemicalandbasin modellingtechniques.
Rocks with hightotal organic carbon, (source rocks), will alter under
increasing temperature such that the organic molecules slowly mature
intohydrocarbons(diagenesis).
Source rocks are therefore broadly categorised as
immature(no hydrocarbon generation),
sub-mature(limited hydrocarbon generation),
mature(extensive hydrocarbon generation) and
overmature(most hydrocarbons have been generated).
The maturity of a source rock can also be used as an indicator of its
hydrocarbonpotential. That is, if a rock is sub-mature, then it has a much
higher potential to generate further hydrocarbons than one that is
overmature.
Marine source rocks are commonly oil-prone. The nature of the organic
matter (kerogen) in source rocks varies from coaly,plant-like material
commonly found interrestrialsource rocks to algal or othermarinematerial
that makes up marine source rocks.
Generation
Generation depends on three main factors:
The presence of organic matter rich enough to
yield hydrocarbons,
adequate temperature, and
sufficient time to bring the source rock
tomaturity.
Pressureand the presence of bacteria and
catalysts also affect generation. Generation is
a critical phase in the development of
apetroleumsystem.
Pembentukan Hidrokarbon

Katagenesis adalah
perubahan materi
organic yang biasa
terjadi di kondisi
anaerobik.
Diagenesis adalah

Source: www.intechopen.com
Pembentukan Hidrokarbon
Tingkat Kematangan Batuan Induk

Kualitas batuan induk berdasarkan nilai TOC (Total Organic Carbon)

Poor: 0-0.5 wt.% TOC
Fair: 0.5-1 wt.% TOC
Good: 1-2 wt.% TOC
Very good: 2-4 wt.% TOC
Excellent: >4 wt.% TOC
Reference
Nichols, G. Sedimentology and Stratigraphy
Waples. D.W. Geochemistry in petroleum exploration. 1985
Tissot B.P, and Welte D.H, Petroleum formation and occurance. 1984
Edegbai, A.J. Fundamentals of source rock evaluation. Department of
geology, University of Benin: Nigeria
Hyne N.J (2001). Nontechnical Guide to Petroleum Geology, Exploration,
Drilling, and Production.
http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Maturity_(geology) diakses 12
September 2017
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maturity_(geology) diakses 12
September 2017
http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms/m/maturation.aspx
diakses 12 September 2017
http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms/o/oil-prone.aspx diakses
12 September 2017
http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/en/Terms/g/generation.aspx
diakses 12 September 2017