Biodiversity..

Biological diversity aka Biodiversity is

The wide variety of organisms on earth

Habitat
The place where the organisms lives and
reproduces
Biodiversity..
 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
3.1 Understanding Organisms and Their
Classification
Learning Outcomes :

By the end of this lesson, students should be able to :

Explain the diversity of organisms in a habitat
Classify various animals based on common characteristics
Classify various plants based on common characteristics
Explain the importance of biodiversity to the environment
Classification of
organisms
 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Important Concepts

Animals Biodiversity Plants

made up of made up of

Flowering Non-flowering
Invertebrates Vertebrates plants plants

examples classified into classified into classified into

Earthworm Fish Monocotyledon Algae

Squid Amphibians Dicotyledon Fungi

Octopus Reptiles Moss

Beetle Birds Fern

Mammals 2
TRG Science Form 2 Amazing Tunas Enterprise (001573407-U)
 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Chapter Variety of Living Things and Their

3.1
Classification

Animals
Animals can be classified into two groups:
Invertebrates
Animals without backbone
Make up the most number of animals on the Earth
Have great variety of shapes and sizes
Some invertebrates have soft bodies with no bones at all. Examples of these
invertebrates are earthworms and octopus
Some invertebrates have coating on the outside of their bodies, also known as
exoskeletons. Examples of these invertebrates are beetle and lobster

Vertebrates
Animals with backbone
All vertebrates are either warm-blooded or cold-blooded
Warm-blooded vertebrates have fixed body temperature
Cold-blooded vertebrates have body temperature that changes to the
surrounding temperature
Can be divided into five main groups, which are fish, amphibians,
reptiles, birds and mammals 3
TRG Science Form 2 Amazing Tunas Enterprise (001573407-U)
 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
Chapter
3.1
Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Class of vertebrate Fish

Characteristics
Characteristic of body Covered and protected by overlapping scales
Type of blood Cold-blooded
Breathing organ Gills
Type of fertilisation External fertilisation
Method of reproduction Lay eggs
Habitat Water

Examples of animals Sardine, goldfish, eel, clownfish

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TRG Science Form 2 Amazing Tunas Enterprise (001573407-U)
 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
Chapter
3.1
Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Class of vertebrate Amphibians

Characteristics
Characteristic of body Covered by moist skin
Type of blood Cold-blooded
Breathing organ Gills (tadpole stage)
Skins and lungs (adult stage)

Type of fertilisation External fertilisation

Method of reproduction Lay eggs (without shell)
Habitat Water and land

Examples of animals Frog, toad, salamander

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TRG Science Form 2 Amazing Tunas Enterprise (001573407-U)
 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
Chapter
3.1
Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Class of vertebrate Reptiles

Characteristics
Characteristic of body Covered with dry scales
Type of blood Cold-blooded
Breathing organ Lungs
Type of fertilisation Internal fertilisation
Method of reproduction Lay eggs (with shell)
Habitat Water and land

Examples of animals Crocodile, turtle, snake

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TRG Science Form 2 Amazing Tunas Enterprise (001573407-U)
 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
Chapter
3.1
Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Class of vertebrate Birds

Characteristic of body
Characteristics
Covered with feathers
Have beak
Have a pair of wings
Have a pair of legs covered with dry scales

Type of blood Warm-blooded

Breathing organ Lungs
Type of fertilisation Internal fertilisation
Method of reproduction Lay eggs (with shell)
Habitat Land

Examples of animals Sparrow, swan, chicken, pigeon

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TRG Science Form 2 Amazing Tunas Enterprise (001573407-U)
 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
Chapter
3.1
Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Class of vertebrate Mammals

Characteristic of body
Characteristics
Covered with fur or hair
Have a pair of external ears
Have sweat gland
Have mammary gland (produce milk for the young)

Type of blood Warm-blooded

Breathing organ Lungs
Type of fertilisation Internal fertilisation
Method of reproduction Give birth to young
Habitat Land

Examples of animals Lion, deer, elephant, whale

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TRG Science Form 2 Amazing Tunas Enterprise (001573407-U)
 Invertebrate

With jointed legs Without jointed legs

More than Segemented Non-

3 Pairs of legs segmented
4 Pairs of legs Body
e.g: ants, Body
e.g: e.g :
bees, e.g : Snails,
millipedes, Earthworms,
Beetles, Octopus,
Centipedes, Flatworms,
butterflies Shellfish,
Crabs, prawn leeches
jellyfish

4
Pairs of legs
e.g : spiders,
Scorpions,
mites
 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
Chapter
3.1
Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Plant
Plants can be classified into two groups:
Flowering plants
produce flower, fruit and seed. They reproduce by seeds
can be classified into monocotyledon and dicotyledon

Characteristics Monocotyledon Dicotyledon

Leaf Leaves with parallel Leaves with network
veins veins
Number of Cotyledon One Two
Type of stem Soft stem Woody stem
Type of root Fibrous roots system Tap roots system
Examples Maize plant Rambutan tree

Non-flowering plants
do not produce flower, fruit and seed. They reproduce by spores or
binary fission
can be classified into algae, fungi, moss and fern 9
TRG Science Form 2 Amazing Tunas Enterprise (001573407-U)
 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
Chapter
3.1
Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Non-flowering plant Algae

Characteristics
Type of stem, leaf and root Do not have leaves, stem and root
Chlorophyll Present
Nutrition Makes its own food (carries out photosynthesis)
Reproduction Binary fission
Habitat Water

Examples of plant Chlamydomonas, spirogyra, seaweed

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TRG Science Form 2 Amazing Tunas Enterprise (001573407-U)
 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
Chapter
3.1
Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Non-flowering plant Fungi

Characteristics
Type of stem, leaf and root Do not have leaves, stem and root
Chlorophyll Absent
Nutrition Gets food from living or dead organisms
(live as parasite)

Reproduction Produces spores (yeast reproduce by budding)

Habitat Damp places

Examples of plant Mold, yeast, mushroom

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TRG Science Form 2 Amazing Tunas Enterprise (001573407-U)
 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
Chapter
3.1
Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Non-flowering plant Moss

Characteristics
Type of stem, leaf and root Have leaves and stem
Do not have root

Chlorophyll Present
Nutrition Make its own food (carries out photosynthesis)
Reproduction Produces spores
Habitat Damp places

Examples of plant Moss

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TRG Science Form 2 Amazing Tunas Enterprise (001573407-U)
 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity
Chapter
3.1
Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Non-flowering plant Fern

Characteristics
Type of stem, leaf and root Have leaves, stem and root
Chlorophyll Present
Nutrition Makes its own food (carries out photosynthesis)
Reproduction Produce spores
Habitat Damp places

Examples of plant Ferns

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TRG Science Form 2 Amazing Tunas Enterprise (001573407-U)
 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Q.R.
3.1 Quick Refresh

Living organisms can be classified into animals and plants

Habitat is the place that living organisms lives, seeks food and reproduce
Animals are divided into two group, which is vertebrate and invertebrate
Most of the animals on earth are invertebrates
Vertebrates is the animals with backbones. These includes fish,
amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals
Invertebrates is the animals without backbones
Plants are divided into two groups, which are flowering plants and
non-flowering plants
Flowering plants can be classified into monocotyledon and dicotyledon
Non-flowering plants can be classified into algae, fungi, moss and fern

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TRG Science Form 2 Amazing Tunas Enterprise (001573407-U)
 Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Smart Review

A living thing also known as an organism

Living organisms exist in various shapes, sizes and habitats
Variations is the differences that exist between the same species of
living organism
Some mammals have unusual characteristics than other mammals,
such as
(a) Whales and dolphins (live in water like fish)
(b) Bats (have wings and fly like birds)
(c) Anteaters (body covered with dry scales like reptiles, lay eggs)
Insects constitutes the largest number among animals

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TRG Science Form 2 Amazing Tunas Enterprise (001573407-U)