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Classical Inference
Introduction
ERP example
General Linear Model
Definition & design matrix
Parameter estimation & interpretation
Contrast & inference
Correlated regressors
Conclusion
Overview
Introduction
ERP example
General Linear Model
Definition & design matrix
Parameter estimation & interpretation
Contrast & inference
Correlated regressors
Conclusion
Overview of SPM
Raw EEG/MEG data Statistical Parametric
Design matrix Map (SPM)
Pre-processing:
Converting
Filtering
Resampling
Re-referencing
General
Epoching
Artefact rejection Linear Model
Time-frequency Inference &
transformation correction for
multiple
comparisons
Image
convertion Contrast:
Parameter c = [-1 1]
estimates
ERP example
Random presentation
of faces and
scrambled faces
70 trials of each type
128 EEG channels
Question:
is there a difference between the ERP of
faces and scrambled faces?
ERP example: channel B9
Focus on N170
f s
t
2 1n 1n
f s
Introduction
ERP example
General Linear Model
Definition & design matrix
Parameter estimation & interpretation
Contrast & inference
Correlated regressors
Conclusion
Data modeling
Data Faces Scrambled
= b1 + b2 +
Y = b1 X1 + b2 X2 +
Design matrix
b1
= +
b2
Y = X b +
General Linear Model
1 p 1 1
N: # trials
b p: # regressors
p
Y
= X +
Y Xb
N N N
design matrix X
GLM defined by
error distribution, e.g. ~ N (0, I )
2
General Linear Model
The design matrix embodies all available
knowledge about experimentally
controlled factors and potential confounds.
Applied to all channels & time points
Mass-univariate parametric analysis
one sample t-test
two sample t-test
paired t-test
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
factorial designs
correlation
linear regression
multiple regression
Parameter estimation
Y Xb
b1
= + Residuals: Y Xb
b2
If iid. error assumed:
~ N (0, 2 I )
Y X
Estimate parameters b ( X T X ) 1 X T Y
Ordinary Least Squares
i1 i minimal
N
such that 2
parameter estimate
Hypothesis Testing
contrast of
estimated ^
parameters c b
T= T=
variance s2c(XX)+c
estimate
Hypothesis Testing
RSS 0 RSS
F
RSS RSS0 RSS
full
2
reduced
2
ESS
F ~ F 1 , 2
RSS
1 = rank(X) rank(X0)
Full model ? Or reduced model? 2 = N rank(X)
F-test & multidimensional contrasts
Tests multiple linear hypotheses:
H0: True model is X0 H 0 : b3 = b4 = 0 test H0 : cTb = 0 ?
X0 X1 (b3-4) X0 cT = 0 0 1 0
0001
x2
x2*
x1
Introduction
ERP example
General Linear Model
Definition & design matrix
Parameter estimation & interpretation
Contrast & inference
Correlated regressors
Conclusion
Modelling?
Contrast:
Experimental e.g. [1 -1 ]
effects
effects
estimate
data model statistic
error
estimate
Thank you for your attention!
Any question?