EHTC and Governing system in CDQ Power Plant

Governing System

Governing system of steam turbine can be defined as a control and regulatory mechanism whose
objective is to enable turbine-generator unit to produce Quality Power(PF) with safe operation and
to achieve functional requirements..

Hence Governing system is designed to achieve functional requirements (Speed, Load etc) of TG
operation by controlling and regulating Turbine input parameters(Inlet pressure and mass flow rate of
steam)
 Function of Governing System

To control steam valve positions in response to signals from operator.

To bring turbine speed smoothly from baring gear speed to synchronizing speed under the control of
operator action.
To synchronize turbine-generator unit with the grid under control of operator to produce quality
Power.
To Ensure and maintain desired frequency and voltage.
To contain speed rise within permissible limits if the unit gets disconnected from the load (Unit trip).
To provide protection to the turbine under any abnormal or emergency situation by shutting off the
machine through sudden closure of stop valve via protection system.
 Types of Governing System

A) NOZZLE GOVERNING

B) THROTTLE GOVERNING

Note(In both methods unit may be operated at constant pressure or variable pressure)
 Nozzle Governing

In this method Inlet nozzles are made up in sets, each set being controlled by separate valve.

With increase and decrease in load required no of nozzles can be opened or closed.

Each valve may have separate or single control. This method is mostly adopted in Low MW
machines.

This is efficient at part load operation.

 Throttle Governing

Steam flow is controlled by throttling the steam by simultaneous operation of control valves by
which first stage pressure at turbine inlet can be regulated according to the load.

In throttling enthalpy remain constant but available energy for doing work reduces

.
In CDQ Power Plant we are having Throttle Governing system.
 Governing System in CDQ Power Plant(76 MW)
1)We have LOW PRESSURE(9KSC) GOVERNING System becoz no Separate pump is used here for governing
system.
2)Based on the type of Control mechanism,we have Electro Hydraulic Governing system(Electronic signal to hydraulic
signal) in CDQ Power Plant
3)Six Speed Sensing Units(Proximity Sensors)used to sense the speed of turbine to give feedback to DCS.
4)Two Electrohydraulic convertors are used for converting Electronic signals(4-20ma) to Hydraulic Signals(1.5ksc -4.5
ksc) for Control valve opening and closing signals
5)Two Oil Pumps used in Governing system (AOP/MOP) act as a main source of Turbine Governing system.
6)Two ESV and HPCV are used to inject steam inside the turbine via Governing system.
7)All the Protections and Start Permissives of Turbine should reset to Energize Master Solenoid Valve of Turbine
To Allow Governing system to start.
 Trip Oil Header Pressure Should be more than 2 ksc
Control Oil header pressure Should be more than 4.5 ksc
Fire Protection protection not in act condition
TG Inlet Steam temp high and lower(not more than 556 and not less than475)
OverSpeed Protection(Turbine Speed less than 3300)
Turbine Axial Displacement(between o.7mm to o.7mm)
2222 SOV
Bearing Temp(less than 120 )
Energise
Shaft Vibration(less than 240 microns)
Emergency Push Button(not in act condition)
Overspeed Trip from EHTC(speed less than 3300rpm)
TRIP From ATR(ATRS Trip not act)
Exhaust Temp High(less than 120 deg)
Exhaust pressure High(less than -0.5ksc)
Generator protection Trip(No Trip Command from GRP and GCP Panel)
MOT level Not low
Lube Oil Overhead tank not Low.
 DIFFERENT OILS USED IN GOVERNING

S.No Name of Oil Source & pressure Purpose Protection/Inerlock Colour Code
1. Control Oil MOP/AOP ( 7-8.5 Kg/cm2) To establish Trip Oil, Start-up If Pressure will be less than 4.5
Oil, Secondary Oil, Etc ksc(TG Trip)

2. Main Trip Valve (4.8-6 Kg/cm2) If pressure is less than 2

Trip Oil To reset , Open & Trip ESV(stop KSC(TG Trip)
valve)
3. 2
Starting Device ( 5.5 Kg/cm ) To assist Resetting & Ensure It will drain after Pressure will
Start-up Oil closing of ESV Stop Valves build up in Startup oil line
before Injection of steam
4. Hyd/Electro-Hyd Converter ( 1.5 To govern HP/IP Control Valve It will trip turbine if Master
Secondary Oil 2
-4.5Kg/cm ) opening Solenoid Will Trip(2222) or
(HPCV1&2) pressure less than 1.5 KSC
5 - To drain the oil in case of tripping NIL
Drains and startup procedure.
 Working of Governing System
1)Firstly,MOP/AOP should be started for Oil Supply to Governing system,Bearing Lubrication etc. with
discharge pressure of around 9 ksc(Pump Trip at less than 7.1 KSC)
2)After that Control oil header pressure will build up.
3) Oil will pass thru Duplex Filter to Master Solenoid Valve(2222) .
4)When all the protections of Turbine parameters RESET/HEALTHY.Master SOV will energize and oil will
pass thru it.
5)Then Operator will give Remote Engagement Command From DCS to Energize 1050 SOV and it )will
Dovelop Trip Oil in 2250 Hand Trip Assembly.
6)When Trip Oil Will Dovelop ,1050 SOV Deenergize .
7)From Trip Oil header Start up SOVs(Energize to Open)Energize (2221A and 2221B) and Oil will go to ESV
Above the Piston to Ensure Closing of ESV1 &2,and Trip Oil SOV( Energize to Close)are also Energize(2220)
but no oil will pass thru it.
8)As the Startup Oil Will go beyond 5.5 KSC ,its pressure switches will De Energize the Trip Oil SOV(2220)
and Oil will pass thru it and it will start opening ESV With reference to ESV Opening Criterias and its pressure
switch will Deenergize Startup Oil SOV and Oil Will drain.
9)After Full Opening of ESV,Feedback will Come in DCS .
 Turbine Rolling and EHTC

1) After Fullfilling Startup Criterias Operator will Press EHTC ON Button in Turbine SEQ Window.
2)After that Commands will Go to I/H Convertors(4-20MA to 1.5-4.5 KSC) to Open the HPCV1&2 th
respect to criterias
3)After reaching 3000 rpm ,field breaker will be closed,excitation will be ON and Synchroscope will be
ON.
4)After Synchronising(Freq and Voltage) generator breaker will be closed and load will be increased in
speed mode.
5)when 8 mw will come load mode should be kept in ON condition.
6)We can Take machine in Load mode by Keeeping load set point more than that of actual load and
when its output will be more than speed mode output machine will run in load mode.
7)Then we can run the machine at full load 76 mw as per the pressure and steam flow parameters.