ISO IEC 12207 2008

Systems and Software Life

Cycle Processes
An overview
International
Provides an international standard for software Lifecycle
Organization Processes as ISO/IEC 12007
For International Standard sets a common framework comprises of
Process activities and tasks to be utilized by all software
Standardization practitioners
(ISO)
 Provides the Lifecycle Process Reference Model, which can act as
the adoptable reference model by an organization based on
Business needs and Application domain.
ISO 12007 Assist process assessors to determine capability of the
organizations implemented process and to provide source
material for further improvement in same.
 Standard Categories itself in 2 subdivision of processes

ISO 12007 1. System Lifecycle Processes dealing with software system

2. Software Specific Processes dealing with software product or
services related processes.
1. System
Lifecycle
Processes
dealing with
Software
System
2. Software
Specific
Processes
dealing with
software
product or
services related
processes
 1.1 Agreement Processes

Describes a set of Agreement processes which happens from

the start of the software till its retirement.

1. System Involves several key parties in the process like Acquisition,

supply, development, operation and maintenance.
Context
Processes Each process is defined in terms of its activities and tasks.
 1.1.1 Acquisition Process

Obtain product/service requirements that satisfies need of the acquirer

(Client)

Begins with identifying the customers need and ends with the acceptance of
1.1 Agreement the Product/Service needed by the acquirer.
Processes
Certain activities and task involved are

Acquisition Acquisition Supplier Contract Agreement Acquirer

Closure
preparation Advertisement Selection Agreement Monitoring Acceptance
 1.1.2 Supply Process

Contains the activities and tasks to provide the product/service to the acquirer
that has been agreed upon in the requirements

1.1 Agreement
Certain activities and task involved are
Processes
Opportunity Supplier Contract Contract
Delivery/Suport Closure
Identification Tendering Agreement Execution
 Consists of different processes to initiate the system
procedure

1.2.1 Life Cycle Model Management Process

1.2 Defines the policies, procedures, lifecycle model and processes that can be
Organizational adapted and applied using effective measures and tools, with respect to the
scope of this international standard.
Project-
Enabling Process includes activities like:

Processes Process Process

Establishment Assessment

Process
Improvement
 1.2.2 Infrastructure Management Process

1.2 Defines the activities, tools and facilities needed to acquire, establish and
Organizational maintain an enabling infrastructure services to the project throughout the
lifecycle
Project-
Enabling 1.2.3 Project Portfolio Management Process

Processes Initiate and sustain the necessary projects to meet the organization's
objective.
 1.2.4 Human Resource Management Process

1.2 Helps in identifying the skilled resources to perform the activities of the life
Organizational cycle to meet the organization's, project and customers objective.

Project-
Enabling 1.2.5 Quality Management Process

Processes Defines the framework for objectively assuring the compliance and quality
objectives of product/services with their requirements and to monitor the
customer satisfaction with those quality objectives.
 1.3.1 Project Planning Process

Produce and communicate effective and workable project plans, determining

scope of project Management and Technical activities
1.3 Project
Processes 1.3.2 Project Assessment and Control Process

Helps in assessing the project work as per the plan and scheduling.

Determines that the project is working under estimated budget and

satisfies the project objectives
 1.3.3 Decision Management Process

Determines the most valuable and accurate action for the project and their
alternatives by taking desirable decisions for the project.
1.3 Project
Processes 1.3.4 Risk Management Process

Define strategies to identify, monitor and mitigate the risks that occurs
during the life cycle process.
Important activities includes

Risk Management Risk Profile

Planning Management

Risk Analysis Risk Treatment

Risk Management
Risk Monitoring
Process
Activity
Evaluation
 1.3.5 Configuration Management Process

Employed to

1.3 Project Identify, define, and baseline software items in a system

Processes Control changes and releases of the items

Record and report the status of the items and modification requests;
handling and delivery of the items
 1.3.6 Information Management Process

Manage and provide the valid, complete and confidential information to

relevant parties.
1.3 Project
Processes 1.3.7 Measurement Process

Identify the information needs of the project, to identify appropriate set of

measures, to collect and analyses the data, and to demonstrate the quality
of the product.
 Consists of different technical procedure that defines the technical
aspect of the project.

1.4.1 Stakeholder Requirements Definition Process

Identify the stakeholders and their needs and requirements and validate the
1.4 Technical operational serves to confirm that it meets those needs.
Processes Process includes activities like:

Stakeholder Requirements Requirements

Identification identification Evaluation

Requirements Requirement
Agreement Recording
 1.4.2 System Requirements Analysis Process

Transforms the stakeholders requirement into technical requirements that

will be used to design the system.

1.4.3 System Architectural Design Process

1.4 Technical Identify the system elements that meets the defined requirements.
Processes
1.4.4 Implementation Process

Helps in defining the specific system element.

 1.4.6 System Qualification Testing Process

Testing the system to ensure the implementation of each requirement for

compliance and assure the readiness of the system for delivery.
1.4 Technical
Processes 1.4.7 Software Installation Process

Defines the installation of the software product and assure the readiness of
the product to be used in the target environment.
 1.4.8 Software Acceptance Support Process

Helps to derive the acquirer acceptance of the product by certain tests and
reviews and if any problems are detected during acceptance that needs to be
1.4 Technical communicated to the respective party.

Processes 1.4.9 Software Operation Process

Test and operate the software product in its intended environment and
provide consultation and assistance to the customer.
Important activities includes

Operation
Preparation
Activation and
for operation
Check-Out

Operational Customer
use support

Operation
Problem
Resolution
 1.4.10 Software Maintenance Process

Helps in modifying the system product and provide cost effective support to
the software product as and when required

Process includes activities like:

1.4 Technical Process

Problem and
Modification Maintenance Migration, process

Processes Implementation
Modification
Analysis
Implementation Review/Acceptance and activities

1.4.11 Software Disposal Process

Describing the effective handling over of the product to the customer and
disposing off or storing of any software elements
 2.1 Software Specific Processes

Consists of different processes to be used on the

produced software.
2. Software
Specific
Processes
 2.1.1 Software Implementation Processes

Helps in producing the system element also known as system item to be

implemented as a software product or services that satisfies the architectural
design requirements.
2.1 Software
Implementation 2.1.2 Software Requirements Analysis Process

Processes Defines the requirements to be allocated to the system which is further

tested to analyses their impact on the system.

2.1.3 Software Architectural Design Process

Provides a design for the software that will implement the specified
requirements.
 2.1.4 Software Detailed Design Process

Detailed design of each software component is developed which can be

available for testing and coding.

2.1 Software
Implementation
Processes 2.1.5 Software Construction Process

All software units are verified against their requirements and constructed as
per the defined design.
 2.1.6 Software Integration Process

Defines the integration of the software unit and software components to

produce software items, consistent with software design demonstrating
functional and non-functional software requirements on complete operational
2.1 Software platform.
Implementation
Processes 2.1.7 Software Qualification Testing Process

Helps in identifying that the software product meets the requirements

established in sync with the compliance.
 Lists the number of processes to support the produced software

2.2.1 Software Documentation Management Process

2.2 Software Demonstrate the process of identifying the documentation of the produced
software, develop and maintain the recorded information produced during the
Support process.

Processes
2.2.2 Software Configuration Management Process

Helps in maintaining the integrity of the software items, storing, handling

and delivering them to the concerned parties.
Important activities includes

Process Configuration
implementation Identification

Configuration Configuration
Control Status Accounting

Release
Configuration Management and
evaluation Delivery related
activities
 2.2.3 Software Quality Assurance Process

Quality assurance check is done on the product and assurance is provided that
the product meets the pre-defined plans and requirements.

2.2 Software
Process includes activities like:
Support
Processes Process Product
Implementation Assurance

Process Assurance of
Assurance Quality Systems
 2.2.4 Software Verification Process

Verify the software work products or services and identify any defects.

2.2 Software Explains the product meet the requirement and then it is made available to
the customer.
Support
Processes 2.2.5 Software Validation Process

All work products are validated for the specific intended use according to
the requirements.
 2.2.6 Software Review Process

Review the management and technical progress against the objective

throughout the life of the product.

2.2 Software Problems during review are identified and recorded as well.

Support Process includes activities like:

Processes Project
Process
management
Implementation
reviews

Technical
Reviews
 2.2.7 Software Audit Process

The product then goes through the audit process to determine that the
software work products meets the compliance, plans and agreement.

2.2 Software
Support 2.2.8 Software Problem Resolution Process
Processes
Demonstrate that all the problems are identified, analyzed and resolutions
are implemented.
 2.3.1 Domain Engineering Process

Helps to develop and maintain domain model, domain architecture, build

relationship with other domains, and assets belonging to domain are
identified.
2.3 Software
Reuse Process includes activities like:

Processes
Process
Domain Analysis Domain Design
Implementation

Asset
Asset Provision
Maintenance
 2.3.2 Reuse Asset Management Process

Manage the life of reusable assets from conception to retirement.

Process includes activities like:

2.3 Software Process

Asset Storage Asset
and Retrieval Management
Reuse Implementation
Definition and Control

Processes
2.3.3 Reuse Program Management Process

Defined the reuse strategy for potential reuse opportunities, and manage
and control organization's reuse program.
Important activities includes

Domain
Initiation
Identification

Reuse
Planning
Assessment

Execution Review and

and Control Evaluation
 We work closely with organizations to improve their Software
At Development Lifecycle processes and assist them in adopting and
implementing role of Security in these processes.
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