VENTILATION

& ITS SYSTEM

Definition - A means of changing the air in an enclosed space to -
Keep fresh air for respiratory system
Preserve correct level Of Oxygen in the air
Control Carbon Dioxide
Control the moisture level
Lowering the heat level
Remove dust and odors

VENTILATION REQUIREMENTS

Requirements for an acceptable amount of fresh air supply in buildings will vary
depending on the nature of occupation and activity.
Air changes per hour or ventilation rate is the preferred criteria for system design.
This is calculated by dividing the quantity of air by the room volume and multiplying by the
occupancy.
Air changes per hour = quantity of air x occupancy
room volume
Natural Ve n t i l a t i o n
The process of supplying and removing air through an indoor space without using
mechanical systems.
It refers to the flow of external air to an indoor space as a result of pressure or temperature differences
The benefits of natural ventilation include:-
1. Improved Indoor air quality (IAQ)
2. Energy savings
3. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
4. Occupant control
5. Reduction in occupant illness associated with Sick Building Syndrome
6. Increased worker productivity
Recommendations from design guidelines from various building regulations suggest the following:
1. Building orientation and location.
2. Building form and dimensions.
3. Window typologies and operations;
4. Types, shape and size of openings;
5. Construction methods and detailing;
6. Urban planning consideration
7. Nature of the operations or activities
8. Toxicity and rate of generation of hazardous substances
9. Degree of expected occupancy
10. (+)ve and (-)ve wind pressures around
different building configurations
Mechanical Ve n t i l a t i o n
Mechanical ventilation systems circulate fresh air using ducts and fans rather than relying on airflow
through small holes or cracks in a homes wall, roof or windows.
Homeowners can breath easier knowing their home has a good ventilation.
Benefits of using mechanical ventilation:-
1. Better indoor air quality can remove pollutants, allergens, and moisture that can cause mold
problems
2. More control provide proper fresh air flow along with appropriate locations for intake and exhaust
3. Improved comfort allow a constant flow of outside air into the home and can also provide filtration,
dehumidification, and conditioning of the incoming outside air.

These systems employ an electrically driven fan or fans to provide the necessary air
movement; They also ensure a specified air change and the air under fan pressure can be
forced through filters.
There are three types of mechanical ventilation systems:
1. Natural inlet and mechanical extract (exhaust system).
2. Mechanical inlet and natural extract
3. Mechanical inlet and extract
 NATURAL INLET & MECHANICAL EXTRACT
This is the most common type of system and is used for kitchens, workshops, laboratories, internal
sanitary apartments, garages and assembly halls.
The fan creates negative pressure on its inlet side, and this causes the air inside the room to move
towards the fan, and the room air is displaced by the fresh air from outside the room.

MECHANICAL INLET & NATURAL EXTRACT

It is essential with this system that the air is heated before it is forced into the building.
The system may be used for boiler rooms, offices and certain types of factories.
The air may be heated in a central plant and ducted to the various rooms, or a unit fan convector may
be used.
MECHANICAL INLET & EXTRACT
This provides the best possible system of ventilation, but it is also the most expensive and is used for
many types of buildings including cinemas, theatres, offices, lecture theatres, dance halls, restaurants,
departmental stores and sports centers.
The system is essential for operating theatres and sterilizing rooms.
EXHAUST FANS
Does not create much air pressure and has
limited effect in ductwork. Ideal for use at
air openings in windows and walls.
The primary purpose for having an exhaust
fan is to remove the moisture out of the
bathroom. These fans help to control and
eliminate bathroom odors.
Additionally, they add to the safety of the
home and it's residents by reducing fumes
from cleaning agents that could potentially
cause health related issues.
AXIAL FLOW FANS
Axial Flow Fan can develop high pressure
and is used for moving air through long
sections of ductwork. The fan is integral
with the run of ducting and does not require
a base.
The blades of the axial flow fans force air
to move parallel to the shaft about which
the blades rotate. In other words,
the flow is axially in and axially out,
linearly, hence their name.
CENTRIFUGAL FANS
A centrifugal fan is a mechanical device
for moving air or other gases. The terms
"blower" and "squirrel cage fan", (because
it looks like a hamster wheel), are
frequently used as synonyms. These fans
increase the speed and volume of an air
stream with the rotating impellers.
Centrifugal Fan can produce high pressure
and has the capacity for large volumes of
air. Most suited to larger installations such
as air conditioning systems. It may have
one or two inlets. Various forms of impeller
can be selected depending on the air
condition. Variable impellers and pulley
ratios from the detached drive motor make
this the most versatile of fans.
Blowers for Industrial ventilation