The document summarizes development during infancy and toddlerhood. It discusses the characteristics of these stages, including physical, emotional, social, and language development. Key points are that infancy is a time of rapid growth and development, while toddlerhood sees children beginning to walk, talk in short sentences, and interact with others. A number of developmental milestones are provided for 4 months, 8 months, 1 year, 18 months, and 2 years of age.
The document summarizes development during infancy and toddlerhood. It discusses the characteristics of these stages, including physical, emotional, social, and language development. Key points are that infancy is a time of rapid growth and development, while toddlerhood sees children beginning to walk, talk in short sentences, and interact with others. A number of developmental milestones are provided for 4 months, 8 months, 1 year, 18 months, and 2 years of age.
The document summarizes development during infancy and toddlerhood. It discusses the characteristics of these stages, including physical, emotional, social, and language development. Key points are that infancy is a time of rapid growth and development, while toddlerhood sees children beginning to walk, talk in short sentences, and interact with others. A number of developmental milestones are provided for 4 months, 8 months, 1 year, 18 months, and 2 years of age.
Israel R. Asinas Israel R. Asinas Discussant May 10, 2016
Presented by: Israel R. Asinas
Coverage: Characteristics of Infancy and Toddlerhood Emotional Behavior in Infancy and Toddlerhood Israel R. Asinas DevelopmentMayand Socialization 10, 2016
Presented by: Israel R. Asinas
Infancy is the beginning or early period of existence as an individual. Toddler is the term applied to one and two year old children. Characteristics of Infancy and Toddlerhood 1. It is the true foundation of age. 2. It is an age of rapid growth and development. 3. It is an age of decreasing dependency. 4. It is beginning of creativity, sex role typing and socialization. 5. It is a hazardous period. Physical Development of Infants and Toddlers Physical Proportions and Brain Development The head grows the fastest and matures the earliest, followed by the rest of the body downward. Parts that are closest to the center of the infant's body (e.g., the trunk) grow faster and mature earlier than do parts that are farther from the center (e.g., the hands). The physical structure of the brain develops rapidly as well. . Motor Development (Reflexes) Sucking Reflex Rooting Reflex Gripping Reflex Curling Reflex Startle/Moro Reflex Galant Reflex Tonic Neck Reflex Sucking Sucking Sucking Rooting Sucking Gripping Sucking Curling Sucking Startle/Moro Sucking Tonic Neck Emotional Behavior of Infants and Toddlers Emotional Behavior of Infants and Toddlers Emotional reactions may be described as states of pleasantness and unpleasantness. The outstanding characteristics of the infants emotional makeup is the complete absence of shift of responses showing different degrees of intensity. Whatever the stimulus, the resultant emotion is intense and sudden. Social Development of Infants and Toddlers Social Development of Infants and Toddlers They start to become aware of their environment. Their tasks include listening, visual following and sucking. Their discovery of the people may be supported by his crying, smiling and vocalizing. Developmental Milestones for Children from Ages 4 Months to 2 Years Age 4 Months (Motor) Infants typically can balance their heads at a 90 degree angle. They frequently watch their hands, keep their fingers busy and place objects in their mouths. Age 4 Months (Adaptive) Infants are able to recognize their bottles. The sight of a bottle often stimulates bodily activity. Age 4 Months (Social) Infants are able to recognize their mothers and other familiar faces. They imitate smiles and often respond to familiar people by reaching, smiling or laughing. Age 4 Months (Language) 4-month-old will turn his or her head when sound is heard. Verbalizations include gurgling, babbling and cooing. Age 8 Months (Motor) Able to sit alone without being supported. Can reach for an object and pick it up with all their fingers. Crawling efforts have begun. Age 8 Months (Adaptive) They can feed themselves pieces of toast or crackers. They will be able to munch instead of being limited to sucking. Age 8 Months (Social) They begin imitating facial expressions and gestures. They can play peeka-boo and wave bye-bye. Age 8 Months (Language) Babbling becomes frequent and complex. They attempt copying the verbal sounds they hear. Can say a few words or sounds such as mama or dada. Age 1 Year (Motor) Most babies can crawl well. Usually require support to walk. They can open drawers and pull electrical cords. Age 1 Year (Adaptive) Babies are able to drink from a cup. They can feed themselves with their fingers. Age 1 Year (Social) They tend to repeat behaviors that are laughed at. They also seek attention by squealing or making noises. Age 1 Year (Language) Babies begin to pay attention to the sounds they hear. They can understand simple commands. Age 18 Months (Motor) Baby can walk. Walking up stairs can be accomplished by a caregiver holding the babys hands. Able to push large objects and pull toys. Age 18 Months (Adaptive) Ability to feed themselves is much improved. Can hold their own glasses. Can cooperate in dressing. Age 18 Months (Social) It is normal for them to be aware of other children and even enjoy having them around; however, they dont play with others. Age 18 Months (Language) Vocabularies consist of more than three but less than fifty words. They can understand language to some extent. Age 2 Years (Motor) Can walk and run quite well. Throwing a ball in an overhead manner. They are also capable of turning pages of a book. Age 2 Years (Adaptive) Capable of listening to and following directions. They attempt washing their hands. Age 2 Years (Social) They are becoming more and more aware of feelings and reactions of adults. They begin to seek adult approval for correct behavior. They also begin to show their emotions in the forms of affection, guilt or pity. Age 2 Years (Language) Can usually put two or three words together to express an idea. Simple directions and requests are usually understood. -END-