Soil Pollution

Any change in the physical, chemical, and

biological properties of soil due to natural or
anthropogenic activities is known as soil
pollution.

Major Soil Pollutants and their effects

1) Heavy Metal
2) Chemical waste
3) Pesticides, fertilizers and other agricultural products
4) Lead, Cadmium
5) Radioactve waste
Causes of Soil Pollution
Industrial waste
Mining
Pesticides
Salts & Fertilizers
Radioactive wastes
Effects of Soil Pollution

Reduces the fertility of the soil

Causes an increase in the number of mosquitoes and flies,
which are vectors of several deadly diseases
Reduces the aesthetic value of land
Radioactive elements present in polluted soil enter human
body and cause a number of adverse health effects such as
cancer, deformities in bones, etc.
 Control of Soil Pollution
Treatment of industrial waste before being disposed to reduce
soil pollution.
Garbage from urban waste should be segregated into
biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste products.
Biodegradable waste can be used for production of manures and
biogas, non-biodegradable waste can be recycled and reused.
Planting of trees must be encouraged.
Reduction in the amount of radioactive materials released in the
soil
Reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
Solid waste can be used for electricity generation.
Video link:

Major soil pollutants and their impacts on human health.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMdt7w59wHQ

Soil Pollution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00c4goQRLek
Noise Pollution
 Noise
Noise Pollution
Pollution
Refers to loud sound created by humans or machines that disrupt the
environment and normal living of organism in it.
The unwanted noise dumped into the atmosphere that leads to discomfort
and health hazards is known as noise pollution.
Sources of Noise Pollution
Natural phenomena such as violent volcanic eruptions, thunder, fierce
storms, etc.
Domestic appliances such as mixers, washing machines, telephones, etc.
Industries such mills and factories
Automobiles music system n constant honking by drivers.
Noise by Trains, ships, and aircrafts
Bursting of crackers and playing loud music during social
gatherings and festivals.
Entertainment devices such as radio, television, etc.
 Auditory effects:
Temporary deafness or hearing loss etc.
Non-auditory effects:
Effects on human health
Physiological disorder
Loss of working efficiency
Insomnia
Effects on wildlife

 Control of Noise Pollution

1) Control at receivers end:
For the people working in noisy installations, ear-protection
aids like earplugs, noise helmets, headphones etc must be
provided
2) Suppression of noise at source:
It is possible by improving the method of working by
a) Designing, fabricating and using quieter machines to replace
the noisy ones
b) Proper lubrication and better maintenance of machines
c) Installing noisy machine in soundproof chamber
d) Using silencer to control noise from automobiles, ducts
exhausts etc.
e) Covering noise-producing machine parts with sound
absorbing materials to check noise production.
f) Reducing the noise production from a vibrating machine by
vibration damping (rubber, neoprene etc.)
 Acoustic Zoning
Increased distance between the source and receiver
by zoning of noisy industrial areas, bus terminals and
Railway stations away from the residential areas would
go a long way in minimizing noise pollution

Planting of Trees
Planting green trees and shrubs along roads, hospitals,
educational institutions to a help in noise reduction to a
considerable extent
 Legislative measures
Strict legislative measures need to be enforced to curb
The menace of noise pollution. Some of them could be:
i) Minimum use of loudspeakers and amplifiers, specially
near silence zones.
ii) Banning pressure horns in automobiles
iii) Framing a separate Noise Pollution Act.
Air Pollution Causes, Effects And Solutions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bTsxx1KZwlM

Water pollution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IG3thzNUIdY

Soil Pollution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00c4goQRLek

Noise Pollution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-VaaTn_g1_k

Radioactive Pollution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxlgRHf_7oA
Which of the following is a solid air pollutant?
a) CO
b) CO2
c) Lead
d) Ozone

SPM stand for

a) Solid particulate matter
b) Semi permeable membrane
c) Suspended pollution matter
d) Suspended particulate matter

Which of the following is a secondary air pollutant?

(a) Ozone
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Sulphur dioxide
(d) Carbon monoxide

Eutrophication is

a) A process in carbon cycle

b) A water purification technique
c) An improved quality of water in lakes
d) A result of accumulation of plant nutrients in water bodies

The loss of water from plants and tree leaves is called

(a) Precipitation (b) Respiration (c) Evaporation (d) Transpiration
The three primary soil macronutrients are
(a) Carbon, oxygen, and water
(b) Boron, zinc, and manganese
(c) Copper, cadmium, and carbon
(d) Potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen

Method which is related to prevent soil erosion?

(a) Stubble mulching (b) Reduce tillage (c) Strip forming (d) All of the above
Solid Waste
Management
 Introduction
Solid waste is that material (such as domestic trash,
garbage, metal scrap etc.) which arises from various
human activities and which is normally discarded as
useless or unwanted. It is responsible for land pollution
in urban and industrial areas.
 Some common terms
Garbage refers to the putrescible solid waste (Solid waste that
contains organic matter capable of being decomposed by
microorganisms) constituents produced during the preparation or
storage of meat, vegetables, etc.

Rubbish is the non-putrescible solid waste constituents, either

combustible or non combustible. Combustible waste includes paper,
wood, scrap, rubber, leather, etc. Non-combustible wastes are
metals, glass, ceramics etc.

Refuse means all decomposing and non-decomposing

combustible and non-combustible solid wastes such as
garbage, ashes, paper, cans, wood scraps, plastic etc.
 Important source of solid
waste
Domestic garbage refers to household wastes such as plastic,
paper, glass pieces, metal objects etc.

Industrial wastes generally include chemicals, paints, sand, metal

ore processing, fly ash, sewage treatment sludge, etc.

Agricultural wastes contain mainly farm animal manure and crop

residues.

Municipal Solid waste (MSW) is commonly known as trash or

garbage and consists of everyday items such as product packaging,
furniture, bottles etc.

Mining wastes result from mining activities. Eg. Heavy metals.

Important source of solid
waste
Radioactive wastes: Nuclear explosions, nuclear
testing, use of radioactive substances in medical and
scientific research etc.

Hospital wastes includes disposable needles, syringes,

blades, tissues etc.

E-waste refers to electrical and electronic equipment

wastes.
Plastic bottles in a trash can
E waste
 Treatment of Solid Waste

Solid waste management (SWM) is a

three-step process:

Collection of solid waste

Transportation of solid waste

Disposal of solid waste

 Solid waste management
Indiscriminate disposal of solid wastes-especially of
hazardous waste causes adverse environment
effects.

The main objective of solid waste management is to

minimize these adverse effects before it becomes too
difficult to rectify in the future.
 Treatment of Solid Waste

Solid waste management (SWM) is a

three-step process:

Collection of solid waste

Transportation of solid waste

Disposal of solid waste

Solid waste management

Collection

Transportation

Disposal
 Collection of solid waste
Large number of dustbins must be provided to enable proper
collection of solid wastes according to categories.

Door to door collection of domestic garbage, is the most

common and popular practice.

Rag pickers contribute to waste management. They

segregate recyclable materials from other wastes and hence
save the cost and time.
 Disposal of solid waste
Open dumping

Land fill

Ocean dumping

Incineration

Composting

Reduction at source
 5 Rs of Solid Waste Management
Over-consumption and waste of commodities can be checked by adopting
the five Rs of consumption.

Refuse

Reduce

Reuse

Repair

Recycle
Ill-effects of Fireworks:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjvtdxIW0XU

Diwali:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H47bAPEKBRQ

Effect:Air Pollution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nx5yr2GnGk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZTYkZgDaEY

Effect: Noise Pollution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tVd-j8Zckhs

Green fireworks:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AI8sjCXQHCE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H47bAPEKBRQ
Ill-effects of Fireworks:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjvtdxIW0XU

Diwali:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H47bAPEKBRQ

Effect:Air Pollution
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nx5yr2GnGk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZTYkZgDaEY

Effect: Noise Pollution

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tVd-j8Zckhs

Green fireworks:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AI8sjCXQHCE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H47bAPEKBRQ
Which of the following is a solid waste?
(a) Bottle
(b) Glass jar
(c) Plastic container
(d)All of these

Problem of solid waste disposal can be reduced through

(a) Recycling
(b) More timber
(c) Lesser pollution
(d) Population control

Which is not a part of 5Rs of consumption?

(a) Reuse
(b) Retain
(c) Refuse
(d) Recycle

Radiations received from sun are nothing but _____________ energy.

A. Solar
B. Photochemical
C. Hydro
D. Environmental
Which of the following is a solid pollutant
(a) Carbon (b) Carbondioxide (c) Sulphur dioxide (d) Carbon monoxide