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Oncology: Greek :
Oncos : Mass / Tumor
Logos : Science
Tumor : Neoplasm
Non Neoplasm : Inflamatory Process
Neoplasm : - Benign
- Malignant
Definitions
INITIATION PROMOTION
to Malignancy
Cells
malignant
Protooncogen
Further genetic
changes Expansion of
malignant clone
METASTASES
Causes of Cancer
External factors
Chemicals
Radiations
Viral Infection
Carcinogens PERSISTENT GEN ABNORMALITY
Carcinogens Abnormal cells growth
Internal factors
Repair failure
External factors
Chemicals Agents:
- Alkylating agent
- Polycyclic Hydrocarbon
- Aromatic Amin
Radiation:
- Ionization / X-ray Radiation
- UV Radiation
Viruses :
- Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)
- Human Papiloma virus (HPV)
Other Carcinogenic
- Alcohol
- Aflatoxin
- Tobacco
Treatment
1. Diagnosis
2. Staging
3. Performance States
4. Planning of Treatment
5. Implementation of treatment
6. Evaluation/ Follow up
1. Diagnosis
- Anamnesis
- Physical examination
- Other Instrumentation :
Laboratory examination : Tumor marker
Imaging : x-photo
USG
CT Scan
MRI
T : Tumor Size
N : Lymphenode
M : Metastases
3. Performance States
Scor KARNOFFSKY Scor
ECOG
100% Normal, no complain, no evidence of desease 0 Fully active, able to carry on all predesease
performance without restriction
90% Able to carry on normal activity, minor signs or symptom of desease
80% Normal activity with effort, some sign or symtomps of desease 1 Restricted in phisically strenuous activity but
ambulatory and able to carry out work of a light
or sedentary nature, e.g., light house work, office
70% Cares for self, unable to carry on normal activity or to do active work
work
60% Requires occasional assistance, is mostly able to care for himself 2 Ambulatory and capable of all self care but unable to
carry out any work activities, up and about more
than 50% of waking hours
50% Require considerable assistance and frequent medical care
40% Disabled, requires special care assistance 3 Capable of only limited self care and confined to bed
or chair more than 50% of waking hours
30% Severely disabled, hospitalization indicated, death not imminent
20% Very sick, hospitalization necessary, active supportive treatment 4 Completely disabled , cannot carry on any self-care,
necessary totally confined to bed or chair
0 Death 5 Death
4. Planning of Treatment
Therapy :
Curative : just for curable disease
Palliative: for non curable disease (ex: metastases disease)
Aim: Quality of Life
Modality of Treatment :
- Surgery/ Operation
- Radiotherapy
- Chemotherapy
- Hormonal therapy
- Immunology therapy
- Targeting cells therapy
- Gene therapy
5. Implementation of treatment
Application of planning therapy
6. Evaluation/ Follow up
- Evaluation of result treatment
- Evaluation of recurrency
Early Detection of the Cancer
is important
Why ??????
Breast :
- Breast self examination (BSE)
- Clinical Breast Examination (CBE)
- Mammography
SADARI
SADARI
SADARI
SADARI
SADARI
Clinical Breast Examination (CBE)
Mammography
Breast Ca Treatment
Surgery
- SM
- MRM
- Radical Mastectomy
- BCS / BCT
Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy
Targeting cell therapy
Hormonal Therapy
BCT on Breast Ca
Head and Neck
Anatomy
Anterior Triangle middle of
the neck, the
sternocleidomastoid muscle
and lower border of the
mandible
-submental triangle
-submandibular triangle
Posterior Triangle-
sternocleidomastoid, the
anterior border of the
trapezius, and the middle third
of the clavicle
Triangle Anatomy
Complex region
Primary
Secondary
Primary tumors
- Benign
- Malignant