Types of Database

>> Relational Database

>> Hierarchical Database
>> Network Database
 The Evolution of DBMS

>> In the 1960s, network and hierarchical systems

such as CODASYL and IMS were state-of-the-art
technology for automated banking, accounting, etc.
>> A revolutionary paper by E.F. Codd, an IBM San
Jose Research Laboratory employee in 1970, changed
all that.
>> A relational model of data for large shared data
banks
 The Evolution of DBMS

>> IBM System R was the first system to implement

Codds ideas.
Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)

>> serves as the backbone of applications in many

industries including banking, transportation, health and
so on.

>> the advent of Web-based interfaces increased the

use of it
 Typical Roles and Career Path for
Database Professionals
Data Architect
>> responsible for designing an architecture that
supports the organizations existing and future needs for
data management.

Database Architect
>> similar to Data Architect
 Typical Roles and Career Path for
Database Professionals
Database Administrator
>> responsible for the maintenance, performance,
integrity and security of a database

Application Developer
>> a person in charge of developing applications
that access databases
 Relational Data Model
Basic Concepts
>> Attribute -- characteristic of data
>> Domain -- set of atomic values
-- ordered set of values that
>> Tuple
describe data characteristic at one
moment in time
>> Relation -- core of relational data
>> Schema -- formal description of relation

>> Key -- to define identifiers for tuples

 Properties of Relation

>> There are no duplicate tuples in a relation

>> Tuples are unordered (top to bottom)
>> Attributes are unordered (left to right)
>> All attribute values are atomic
 Relational Data Model Constraints

>> Entity Integrity Constraint

>> Referential Integrity Constraint
>> Semantic Integrity Constraint
 Relational Data Model Constraints

>> Entity Integrity Constraint

-- no attribute participating in the primary
key of a relation is allowed to accept null values
>> Referential Integrity Constraint
-- if a relation includes foreign key
matching the primary key of other relation
Can the foreign key accept null values?
Three possibilities if the primary key is deleted

>> CASCADE
>> RESTRICT
>> NULLFIES
 Relational Data Model Constraints

>> Semantic Integrity Constraints

-- refers to the correctness of the
meaning of the data
Types of Semantic Integrity Constraints

>> Domain Constraint

>> Null Constraint
>> Unique Constraint
>> Check Constraint
The End