RIOT CONTROL AGENTS

RIOT

A situation in which a large group of people

behave in a violent and uncontrolled way
 WHY RIOT CONTROL

Angry mob involved in destructive activities

Riot control refers to the measures used by

police, military, or other security forces to
control, disperse, and arrest people who are
involved in a riot
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Non lethal---less lethal weapons

TYPES
1) Non Chemical
2) Chemical
3) Experimental New Devices
 RIOT CONTROL AGENTS

NON CHEMICAL
1) batons
2) whips
3) rubber bullets
4) water cannons
5) electric Tasers
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CHEMICAL
(1) Peripheral sensory irritants
a. tear gases
b. oleoresin capsicum (pepper spray)
(2) Dyes, pigments or fluorescent marking
paints
(3) Persistent obnoxious odor causing substances
(mal-odorants)
(4) Non-irritant obscuring smokes
 RIOT CONTROL AGENTS
EXPERIMENTAL DEVICES

1) Active Denial System or ADS

2) The Laser Blinding 'Dazzler
3) Taser short gun
4) Screaming Microwaves That Pierce the Skull
 RIOT CONTROL AGENTS

5) Long Range Acoustic Devices

6) Net guns
7) Stink bombs
 PEPPER SPRAY

active ingredient is capsaicin

a chemical derived from the fruit of plants in
the Capsicum genus, including chilies
 PEPPER SPRAY

Pepper spray is an inflammatory agent.

A lachrymatory agent (a chemical compound that
irritates the eyes to cause tears, pain, and temporary
blindness)
Causes immediate closing of the eyes, difficulty
breathing, runny nose, and coughing.
 PEPPER SPRAY

Duration of effects depends on the strength of the

spray
Average full effect lasts around 30 to 45 minutes,
with diminished effects lasting for hours.
Personal pepper sprays can range from a low of
0.18% to a high of 3%.
Most law enforcement pepper sprays use between
1.3% and 2%.
 PEPPER SPRAY
MECHANISM
burning and painful sensations result from its
chemical interaction with sensory neurons.
Capsaicin, as a member of the vanilloid family, binds
to a receptor called the vanilloid receptor subtype 1
(VR1).
By binding to the VR1 receptor, the capsaicin
molecule produces the same effect that excessive
heat or abrasive damage would cause
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also called irritants, lacrimators

produce transient discomfort and eye closure
render the recipient temporarily incapable of
fighting or resisting.
effects occur within seconds of exposure
but seldom persist more than a few minutes after
exposure has ended
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1) Chlorobenzylidene Malononitrile (CS)

2) 1-Chloroacetophenone (CN)
3) Diphenylaminearsine (DM)
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PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

solids at room temperature with low vapor

pressures
dispersed as fine particles or in solution.
Dispersion devices include small hand held spray
cans, large spray tanks, grenades, and larger
weapons.
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MECHANISM OF TOXICITY

CS and CN are SN2 alkylating agents

react readily at nucleophilic sites.
Prime targets include sulfhydryl-containing enzymes,
such as lactic dehydrogenase.
tissue injury may be related to inactivation of certain
of these enzyme systems.
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MECHANISM OF TOXICITY

Pain can occur without tissue injury and may be

bradykinin mediated.
CS causes bradykinin release and elimination of
bradykininogen
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CLINICAL EFFECTS

1) Eye
Burning, irritation
Conjunctival injection
Tearing
Blepharospasm
Photophobia
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2) Skin
Burning
Erythema

3) Gastrointestinal Tract
Gagging
Retching
Vomiting
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4) Airways

Sneezing
Coughing
Tightness in the chest
Irritation
Secretions
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4) Airways

Sneezing
Coughing
Tightness in the chest
Irritation
Secretions
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5) Nose
Rhinorrhea
Burning pain

6) Mouth
Burning of mucous membranes
Salivation
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7) Cardiovascular:
transient increase in heart rate and blood
pressure.
may cause adverse effects in one with
preexistent cardiovascular disease.
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MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

Effects of exposure are self limiting and

require no specific therapy.
Most will disappear in 15-30 minutes
Erythema may persist for an hour or longer.
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Eye

flush with water or saline

impacted particles should be sought.
topical solution to relieve the irritation
topical antibiotics
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Pulmonary

oxygen
bronchodilators if bronchospasm is present,
specific antibiotics
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Skin
Early erythema requires reassurance
soothing compounds such as calamine, camphor, and
mentholated creams
Small vesicles should be left intact
larger ones should be drained
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Skin
Irrigation of denuded areas several times a day
Topical antibiotic