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Presented
By
Godfred Bonney
1
Glossary Of Terminology
Flow Rate
2
Glossary of Terminology
Head
Measured in: M
Pipe Friction
It varies with:
1) Pipe Diameter
2) Pipe Length
3) Pipe Material
4) Age of the pipe
Glossary Of Terminology
Duty Point
= %
Pumping Terminology
Water Horse Power
It is the power required to perform a certain duty
without any efficiency loss (100%)
WHP = Q x H x SG
Q = Flow
H = Total Dynamic Head
SG = Specific Gravity of the Fluid Pumped (Water = 1)
Pumping Terminology
Break Horse Power
=
Pumping Terminology
BHP =
Q = l/sec
H=M
= Decimals
BHP = kW
Impeller
Radial Flow Impeller
Mixed Flow Impeller
Axial Flow Impeller
Total Dynamic Suction Head
Total Dynamic Suction Head: TDSH
It is the Sum of:
1. Static Suction: SS in Meters
2. Pipe Friction: M/100M
3. Losses in valves and fitting: k x V/2g
TDH
BHP
Calculation
TDSH
Static Suction head = 3m
Pipe friction = 6 x 0.8/100 = 0.048M
Foot valve loss = (k xV/2g)=7.56 x 0.025
= 0.189M
90 Bend = (k x V/2g)= 0.54 x 0.025
= 0.0135
TDSH = 3+0.048+0.189+0.0135 = 3.25M
Calculation
TDDH
Static Discharge head = 8M
Pipe Friction = 60 x 1.83/100 = 1.098M
90 Bend = (k x V/2g)= 0.54 x 0.049 = 0.026M
2 x 45 Bends = (2 x k x V/2g)= 2 x 0.29 x 0.049 = 0.028M
End Pressure = 14M
27
Ground Water Pumping
28
Things we need to know
Water well conditions
C) Plant Information
Required Flow .l/min
Diameter of the Riser pipe .mm
Length of the riser pipe .M
Diameter of the discharge pipe ..mm
Length of the discharge Pipe ...M
Material of the pipes
Submersible Pump Information
Sheet
No. of bends and angle ..
No. of valves and type ..
No. of Tees ..
C) System Information
Sprinkler irrigation
Stock watering
Dam filling
Over head tank filling
Domestic water supply
Pressure system
General Information
Height of tank ..M
Elevation to the highest point of discharge
From the top of the bore ..M
Distance from the service entrance
to the motor (Cable) ..M
Available Power ..1Ph, ..3Ph
Pump Sizing Exercise
42
Pump Sizing
Pump Sizing
Static Discharge Head = Elevation + SWL + Draw Down
= 7 + 6 + 49 = 62M
46
Advantage of VFD
47
Use of Cooling Shrouds
Reason for Shrouding
1. Cascading bores
2. To Maintain Minimum cooling Velocity
3. Bores larger than Motor Diameter
4. Wide Body of Water (Rivers and Dams)
48
Minimum Velocity of Water Passed
the Lowara Motors
4 = 4OS = 0.08m/s
6 = L6C = 0.2m/s
6 = L6W = 0.3m/s
8 = L8W = 0.5m/sec
50
Shroud Adaptor
51
Calculating Velocity Passed Motor
Useful Formulas
=
( )
V =M/Sec
Q = M/Hr
= ( ) +
Db = mm
Dm = mm
52
Flow Inducer Tube
53
Cable Selection
54
Cable Selection
55
Electrolysis
56
Galvanic Corrosion
57
Affinity Law
All Variable Frequency Drives works on the following principle.
N1/N2 = Q1/Q2
(N1/N2) = H1/H2
(N1/N2) = BHP1/BHP2
Example on Affinity Law
Speed changing from 50Hz (3000RPM) to 60Hz (3600RPM)
Q = 150l/min, H = 88M, BHP = 3.7kW
65
Cavitation
It is the formation of vapour bubbles due to the
drop in pressure at the eye of the impeller below
the vapour pressure of that liquid and the
subsequent implosion of these vapour bubbles in
the higher pressure areas.
Cavitation can be caused by:
1) High suction lift
2) Insufficient NPSHA (Temperature, Altitude)
3) Over pumping
Cavitation
Q=AxV
A = Area of Cross Section
V = Velocity
Q1 = A x V1
Q1 > Q
V1 > V
Cavitation
Bernoullis Equation
K = Hst + P/g + V/2g
K = Constant
P/g = Pressure head
V/2g = Velocity head
Hst = Static head
Cavitation
High Velocity causes Low Pressure
100
90
80
Temperature (C)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Drinking Irrigation Chlorid content (1000 ppm) Brackish Sea
Determining Water Level
Install a 3mm or 6 mm tube
Long enough to be 3M below
The water level. Note the
Length of the tube as it is
Lowered in to the well. Once
The tubing is fixed in a stationary
Position at the top, connect an air
Line and pressure gauge. Add air
To the tubing until the pressure
Gauge reaches a point that it
Doesnt read any higher. Take a
Gauge reading at this point.
B = 50M
C = 200kPa (20M)
A=BC
A = 50 20 = 30M
Submersible pump troubleshooting
Household Pressure System
75
Tank Sizing
76
Pressure Tank
77
Drilled Check Valves
80
Thank You for
Participating
81