Lecture 1

TRANSMISSION LINES

Prepared by:
Lory Liza D. Bulay-og, PECE
Transmission Line

o Metallic conductor system

that is used to guide or
transfer electrical energy from
one point to another.
NOTE:

Unlike in circuit theory, the length of a transmission line

is of utmost importance in transmission line analysis.
Common Types of
Transmission Lines
 2 Broad Categories (two-wire)

1. Balance 2. Unbalance
Impedance to ground One wire is at ground
from each of the two potential, while the other
wires is equal and this is at signal potential
ensures that the current in
both wires are equal in
magnitude but opposite
in sign or travel in
opposite directions
Parallel-Conductor Transmission
Lines
1. Two-Wire Open Line
A two-wire parallel conductor
The line consists of two wires, closely spaced and
separated by air.
Non conductive spacers are placed at periodic
intervals for support and to keep the distance between
the conductors constant.
The dielectric is simply the air between and around the
two conductors in which the TEM wave propagates.
It has an advantage of being simple to construct but it
has also a disadvantage of high radiation looses and
susceptible to noise pick up because there is no
shielding.
Normally operates in the balanced mode.
2. Two-Wire Ribbon (Twin Lead)
This line is essentially the same as two-wire
open line except that the spacers between
the two conductors are placed with a
continuous solid, low-loss dielectric. This
ensures uniform spacing.
This type of transmission line is commonly used
to connect a TV receiving antenna to a home
TV set.
3. Twisted Pair
Formed by twisting together two insulated
conductors.
Pairs are often stranded in units, and the
units are then cabled into cores.
The cores are covered with various type of
sheaths, depending on their intended
use.
Neighboring pairs are twisted with
different pitch to reduce interference
between pairs due to mutual inductance.
4. Shielded Pair
Consists of parallel conductors separated
from each other and surrounded by a solid
dielectric. The conductors are contained
within a braided copper tubing that acts as
an electrical shield.
Transmission Line Equivalent
Circuit