MACHINE

MICHAEL L. SALVADOR
 Anesthesia
- is a drug-induced state of unawareness or
unconsciousness that results from blocking sensation
in all or part of the body. The pathways between the
nervous system and the brain are cut off so that
patients can receive treatments that would
otherwise be too painful to endure.

The anesthesia gas machine is a device which delivers a

precisely-known but variable gas mixture, including
anesthetizing and life-sustaining gases.
The machine performs four essential
functions:

Provides O2
Accurately mixes anaesthetic gases
and vapours
Enables patient ventilation
Minimises anaesthesia related risks to
patients and staff
 Types of Anesthesia
Local anesthesia

This type of anesthesia is localized to one small part of the body such
as a tooth or finger. The patient remains conscious but has a reduced
level of pain and sensation in the targeted area.

Administering local anesthetic: Most often, a numbing agent is injected

into the targeted area. In some cases a numbing agent may be applied
topically.
 Regional anesthesia

Regional anesthesia is a nerve block that affects a larger part of the body
such as a limb or the lower half of the body as with epidural anesthesia.
As with local anesthesia, the patient remains conscious but feels little to
no sensation in the part of the body where nerve signals are blocked.

Administering regional anesthetic: Anesthetic is given intravenously or

the nerve block is performed intravenously.
 General anesthesia

General anesthetic is given to send patients into a medical coma for the
purposes of performing major surgery and other medical treatments.
General anesthetic has a number of effects, which include loss of
consciousness, motor skills, skeletal reflexes, memory, and the sensation
of pain.

Dissociative anesthesia

This type of anesthesia uses a dissociative drug to lower impulses in the

brain and induce a trance-like or euphoric state while blocking signals
between different parts of the brain to inhibit pain.
 The different parts work together to make an
anesthesia machine function:

Vaporizers
Anesthesia machines
keep patients sedated
and breathing by
delivering a mix of
gases that includes
oxygen and nitrous
oxide. The
anesthesiologist
controls the level of
sedation through the
vaporizer which mixes
the gases.
The different parts work together to make an
anesthesia machine function:

Ventilators
Ventilators keep
patients breathing
during sedation and:
help maintain good
blood composition.
Modern ventilators
have multiple settings
to help regulate the
breathing patterns of
different types and
ages of patients.
The different parts work together to make an
anesthesia machine function:

Flowmeters
Flowmeters control
the levels of gases as
the anesthesiologist
administers them.
New, low-flow
machines are just as
effective but help
maintain the patients
core temperature at
the same time.
The different parts work together to make an
anesthesia machine function:

Pressure Manometer

Indicates the pressure

that is within the
breathing circuit and
the patient's
airways/lungs. The
pressure is normally
zero
The different parts work together to make an
anesthesia machine function:

Flutter Valves

Inspiratory and
expiratory valves that
ensure unidirectional
flow of gases through
the breathing circuit.
The different parts work together to make an
anesthesia machine function:

Reservoir Bag
Acts as a reservoir of
gases for the patient
to breathe. The
reservoir bag also
expands and
contracts allowing
veterinary personnel
to monitor a patient's
respirations. This bag
also allows us to
manually ventilate.
The different parts work together to make an
anesthesia machine function:

Breathing Circuits
These devices
effectively breathe for
patients as they send
the mix of anesthetic
gases to the lungs
and exhale the CO2
byproduct. Circular
breathing units
administer a low flow
of continuous gases
to patients for best
results.
The different parts work together to make an
anesthesia machine function:

Scavenging Systems
These systems expel
the gases the patient
releases from their
lungs. In an active
scavenging system,
suction is used to
remove the gases
from the patients
lungs. In a passive
system a tube sends
gases out to a
ventilation system for
purification.
The different parts work together to make an
anesthesia machine function:

Oxygen tank
Metal cylinder which
contains oxygen at a
high pressure (this
high pressure allows
a large amount of gas
to be stored in a
relatively small
space). There are
different sizes of
cylinders including E
(small; attach to
anesthetic machine)
and H (large, standing
cylinder).
THANK YOU!