Unit I Engineering Curves

Contents

a) Conic Section : Construction of ellipse, parabola & hyperbola by

various methods.

b) Cycloidal curves : Construction of cycloid, epicycloids & hypocycloid,

tangent & normal to the curve.

c) Involutes : Involutes of circle , square, pentagon, hexagon.

d) Loci of points : Locus problems on

i. four bar chain mechanism

ii. Simple slider crank mechanism

iii. Offset slider crank mechanism

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AEC, Chikhli Prepared By: Prasad Tupkari

 Conic Sections

Learning Objectives:

Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to :

01. Appreciate how conics are obtained as curves of intersection

of a double-cone with a plane.
02. To display all four conic sections (circle, parabola, ellipse, and
hyperbola) and represent each ones critical points,
distances, and definitions with string.

So..what we are learning actually?

Ellipse Parabola Hyperbola

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AEC, Chikhli Prepared By: Prasad Tupkari

 Conic Sections
Introduction
A
In conic
mathematics,
sections,aone
conic
must
section
know:(or just conic) is a curve obtained as the
intersection
1.
Eccentricities for Curves
Directrixof a cone (more precisely,P a right circularQconical surface) with a
plane.
2. Axis
QF VF
3. Curve to be generated
Ratio = = = Eccentricity =e
QP V F
4. Focus C VC
5. Vertex
ELLIPSE e<1
e=1
Conic Sections:
ThesePARABOLA
are the loci of points moving in B
a plane such that the ratio of its QF VF
distances from a fixed point (Focus) Ratio = = = Eccentricity = e
e>1
QP VC
and a fixed line (Directrix) always
HYPERBOLA
remains constant.
The Ratio is called ECCENTRICITY (e). e = CONSTANT
Department of Mechanical Engineering, AEC, Chikhli Prepared By: Prasad Tupkari
 Conic Sections
Cone Nomenclature

1. Apex
2. Base
3. Vertical Axis
4. Generators

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AEC, Chikhli Prepared By: Prasad Tupkari

 Conic Sections
Diagrammatic Representation
Conics Formation of Curves

Section Plane / Cutting Plane

Section Plane / Cutting Plane
Section Plane / Cutting Plane
Section Plane / Cutting Plane

Section
Section (Cutting)
(Cutting) Plane is to the
Plane is PARALLEL
Section (Cutting) Plane is
INCLINED totothe AXIS
PARALLEL
PARALLELconeto the AXISof
theBASE
GENERATOR. ofcone.
of cone.
cone.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AEC, Chikhli Prepared By: Prasad Tupkari

 Conic Sections
Construction of Ellipse
Methods to construct an Ellipse are:

1. Focus Directrix Method

2. Concentric Circles Method
3. Rectangle Method
4. Oblong Method
5. Arcs of Circle Method

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AEC, Chikhli Prepared By: Prasad Tupkari

 Conic Sections
Ellipse By Focus Directrix
Draw all the:construction
PROBLEM linesfrom
Point F is 50mm
A
Method
as FAINT
a lineLINES,
AB. A and
pointthe final
P is curvein aELLIPSE
moving willthat
plane such be DARK.
the
ratio of its distances from point F and line AB remains constant and equals to 2/3. Draw the
Here,
e
Point
As =focus
2/3P
locus instead
of=point
will
VF/VC
is be
of
P. (Eccentricity = 2/3)
point
Here,
moving
50mmV,Vfrom
=onpoint
P the
the
P
e =Eccentricity
Focus
final
isPF/PC
curve
moving.
directrix, also. = 2/3 = Directrix
0.666
A eFocus
< 1 Directrix Method Ellipse
Hence,
CF = 50mm.
PF = 2 Parts 50 mm
PC = 3 Parts V
P PP F
Dividing CF, C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(50mm) in 2 & 3 30mm 20mm

Parts:
PF = 20mm
B
PC = 30mm

Department of Mechanical Engineering, AEC, Chikhli Prepared By: Prasad Tupkari

 Conic Sections
Ellipse By Focus Directrix
Method
PROBLEM : Point F is 50mm from a line AB. A point P is moving in a plane such that the
ratio of its distances from point F and line AB remains constant and equals to 2/3. Draw the
locus of point P. (Eccentricity = 2/3)

Eccentricity
Focus =A 2/3 =Directrix
0.666 e4Focus
< 15 Directrix Method
Ellipse
CF = 50 mm
3
e = 2/3 = VF/VC 2
1
Here, V = P A
So, VF/VC = PF/PC 30mm 50 mm
Hence,
PF = 2 Parts P F
C
PC = 3 Parts
20mm
Dividing CF (50mm)
in PF (20mm) and
PC (30mm) B
1
2
3
B 4
5
Department of Mechanical Engineering, AEC, Chikhli Prepared By: Prasad Tupkari