APPETIZER FOR TOEFL (PBT)

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 TEST OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN
LANGUAGE

This tips and tricks workshop is intended for people

with prior knowledge of 500+ English vocabulary
entries.
 WORST-CASE SCENARIO DURING A TOEFL
TEST
SECTION 1: LISTENING COMPREHENSION
GROGGY/PANIC

SECTION 2: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

CONFUSED

SECTION 3: READING COMPREHENSION

SLEEPY
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN
EXPRESSION
 STRUCTURE
WORD

PHRASE CLAUSE

SENTENCE
 QUIZ

PHARSE?
CLAUSE?
LETS ANSWER IT LATER
WORDS
NOUN
VERB
ADJECTIVE
ADVERB
PREPOSITION
CONNECTOR
WORDS
NOUN
VERB
ADJECTIVE
ADVERB
PREPOSITION
CONNECTOR
 WORD ENDINGS IN ENGLISH
NOUN NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB
(PERSON) (THING)

-ER -NCE -ATE -FUL -LY

-OR -ISM -IZE -NT

-IST -NESS -FY -AL

-IAN -LOGY -BLE

-ION -OUS

-TY
 OBSERVER NP

OBSERVANT

OBSERVANTLY

OBSERVANCE

OBSERVATION
 OBSERVER NP

OBSERVANT ADJ

OBSERVANTLY

OBSERVANCE

OBSERVATION
 OBSERVER NP

OBSERVANT ADJ

OBSERVANTLY ADV

OBSERVANCE

OBSERVATION
 OBSERVER NP

OBSERVANT ADJ

OBSERVANTLY ADV

OBSERVANCE NT

OBSERVATION
 OBSERVER NP

OBSERVANT ADJ

OBSERVANTLY ADV

OBSERVANCE NT

OBSERVATION NT
 PRESENCE NT

PRESENTER

PRESENTATION

PRESENTABLE

PRESENTLY
 PRESENCE NT

PRESENTER NP

PRESENTATION

PRESENTABLE

PRESENTLY
 PRESENCE NT

PRESENTER NP

PRESENTATION NT

PRESENTABLE

PRESENTLY
 PRESENCE NT

PRESENTER NP

PRESENTATION NT

PRESENTABLE ADJ

PRESENTLY
 PRESENCE NT

PRESENTER NP

PRESENTATION NT

PRESENTABLE ADJ

PRESENTLY
 PRESENCE NT

PRESENTER NP

PRESENTATION NT

PRESENTABLE ADJ

PRESENTLY ADV
NOUNS
PLACES
PERSONS
NAMES
THINGS
 NOUNS
FUNCTIONS:
1.AS A SUBJECT
2.AS AN OBJECT
 VERBS

ACTION VERBS
AUXILLIARY VERBS
 ACTION VERBS
VERB 1 VERB 2 VERB 3 VERB -ING

WALK (S) WALKED WALKED WALKING

WRITE (S) WROTE WRITTEN WRITING

THINK(S) THOUGHT THOUGHT THINKING

 AUXILLIARY VERBS
1. TO BE
(AM , IS, ARE, WAS, WERE, BE, BEEN, BEING)
2. PERFECT ASPECT
(HAS, HAVE, HAD)
3. MODALS
(WILL, WOULD, CAN, COULD, MAY, MIGHT,
SHALL, SHOULD, MUST, etc.)
4. DO, DOES, DID (-/?)
 ADJECTIVES
O OPINION (GOOD)
SI SIZE (BIG)
A AGE (NEW)
S SHAPE (SQUARE)
C COLOR (BLUE)
O ORIGIN (BRITISH)
M MATERIAL (IRON)
P PURPOSE (CHEMICAL)
ADJECTIVE (write on a paper)
FUNCTIONS

I SAW A BEAUTIFUL GIRL

ADVERBS
 ADVERBS

THEY SING THE SONGS BEAUTIFULLY

BEATIFULLY THEY SING THE SONG

THEY BEAUTIFULLY SING THE SONG

ADVERBS (Write on your paper)

THEY ARE PLAYING THE GAME

ACTIVELY

ACTIVELY THEY ARE PLAYING THE

GAME

THEY ARE ACTIVELY PLAYING THE

 ADVERBS (FOR PASSIVES)

THE GAMES ARE PLAYED ACTIVELY

ACTIVELY THE GAMES ARE PLAYED

THE GAMES ARE ACTIVELY PLAYED

 PREPOSITIONS
IN, ON, AT, TO,ETC.
IN SEMARANG
ON THE TABLE
AT THE CAMPUS
TO THE TOILET
 CONNECTORS

WILL BE EXPLAINED LATER

LETS GO BACK TO THE PREVIOUS
QUIZ
 PHRASES?, CLAUSE?

EXTREMELY FAST (PHRASE/CLAUSE)

TO THE TOILET (PHRASE/CLAUSE)

PAIJO IS RUNNING (PHRASE/CLAUSE)

 CLAUSE TO SENTENCE

PAIJO IS RUNNING

PAIJO SUBJECT

IS (RUNNING) VERB

PAIJO IS RUNNING EXTREMELY QUICKLY TO THE TOILET

SECTION 2: THE CORE PRINCIPLES

#1
THERE MUST BE
SOMEONE OUT THERE
FOR YOU
 STRUCTURE SKILLS
RECOGNIZING SUBJECT & VERB (CLAUSE)

S+V
 Example 1
ONE-CLAUSE SENTENCE
Engineers _____ for the project
a) necessary
b)are needed
c) Hopefully
d)Next month
 Example 1
ONE-CLAUSE SENTENCE
Engineers _____ for the project
a) necessary
b)are needed
c) Hopefully
d)Next month
 Example 1
ONE-CLAUSE SENTENCE
Engineers _____ for the project
a) necessary
b)are needed
c) Hopefully
d)Next month
 CONNECTOR

AND, BUT, OR,

BECAUSE, IF, WHO,
THAT, WHICH, etc.
 MULTIPLE CLAUSE
She was pleased with what she had
done although she was surprised at
the results.

Although she was surprised at the

result(,) she was pleased with what
she had done.
 MULTIPLE CLAUSE
She was pleased with what she had
done although she was surprised at
the results. (3 clauses 2 connector)

Although she was surprised at the

result(,) she was pleased with what
she had done. (3 clauses 2 connector)
 EXAMPLE 2
MULTIPLE-CLAUSE SENTENCE
______ were late, we missed the class

a) We
b) Because
c) The train
d) Since they
 EXAMPLE 2
MULTIPLE-CLAUSE SENTENCE
______ were late, we missed the class

a) We
b) Because
c) The train
d) Since they
 EXAMPLE 2
MULTIPLE-CLAUSE SENTENCE
_____were late(,) we missed the class

a) We
b) Because
c) The train
d) Since they
 EXAMPLE 2
MULTIPLE-CLAUSE SENTENCE
_____were late(,) we missed the class

a) We
b) Because
c) The train
d) Since they
 EXAMPLE 2
MULTIPLE CLAUSES
_____were late(,) we missed the class

a) We
b) Because
c) The train
d) Since they
SECTION 2: THE CORE PRINCIPLES

#2
LONG DISTANCE
RELATIONSHIP IS POSSIBLE,
AS LONG AS YOU ARE
FAITHFUL
 EXAMPLE 3 (SUMPELAN/ADJ
CLAUSE)
The gift ____ selected for her is too
expensive
a) Because
b) Was
c) Since
d) Which you
 EXAMPLE 3 (SUMPELAN)
The gift ____ selected for her is too
expensive
a) Because
b) Was
c) Since
d) Which you
 EXAMPLE 3 (SUMPELAN)
The gift ____ selected for her is too
expensive
a) Because
b) Was
c) Since
d) Which you
 EXAMPLE 3 (SUMPELAN)
The gif ____ selected for her is too
expensive
a) Because
b) Was
c) Since
d) Which you
 IF IT DOESNT WORK

ADA CONNECTOR FUNGSI GANDA (SEBAGAI

CONNECTOR & SUBJECT)
ADA KLAUSA YANG DI REDUKSI (REDUCED
CLAUSE)
CONNECTOR/SUBJECT (FUNGSI
GANDA)

WHO, THAT, WHICH,

WHAT, etc.
 EXAMPLE 4(SUMPELAN)
____ is on the table has two speakers
a) The notebook
b) Because the notebook
c) The notebook which
d) That the notebook
 EXAMPLE 4(SUMPELAN)
____ is on the table has two speakers
a) The notebook
b) Because the notebook
c) The notebook which
d) That the notebook
 EXAMPLE 4(SUMPELAN)
____ is on the table has two speakers
a) The notebook
b) Because the notebook
c) The notebook which
d) That the notebook
REDUCED
CLAUSE
 HUKUM REDUKSI

1. REDUKSI TERJADI PADA SUBJECT DAN VERB

ANAK KALIMAT (SUB CLAUSE)
 She was pleased with what she had
done although she was surprised at
the results.

She was pleased with what she had

done although surprised at the result.
 HUKUM REDUKSI

2. REDUKSI TERJADI KETIKA ADA DUA SUBYEK

YG SAMA
 Although she was surprised at the
result, she was pleased with what she
had done.
Although surprised at the result, she
was pleased with what she had done.
 HUKUM REDUKSI

3. KETIKA REDUKSI TERJADI, SUBJECT DAN TO

BE HILANG
 Although she was surprised at the
result, she was pleased with what she
had done.
Although surprised at the result, she
was pleased with what she had done.
 EXAMPLE 5
MULTIPLE CLAUSES
When______ , you are free to leave
a) The finished report
b) Finished with the report
c) The report
d) Is the report
 EXAMPLE 5
MULTIPLE CLAUSES
When______ , you are free to leave
a) The finished report
b) Finished with the report
c) The report
d) Is the report
 EXAMPLE 5
MULTIPLE CLAUSES
When______ (,) you are free to leave
a) The finished report
b) Finished with the report
c) The report
d) Is the report
 EXAMPLE 5
MULTIPLE CLAUSES
When______ (,) you are free to leave
a) The finished report (verb?)
b) (you are) Finished with the report
c) The report (verb?)
d) Is the report (subject)
 SUMPELAN (untuk kalimat aktif)

The principal teaches math.

The principal who wrote a book on
language last year teaches math.
The principal writing a book on
language last year teaches math.
 EXAMPLE 6
MULTIPLE CLAUSES
The boy______ playing in the yard is
my brother
a) now
b) Is
c) he
d) was
71
 EXAMPLE 6
MULTIPLE CLAUSES
The boy______ playing in the yard is
my brother
a) now
b) Is
c) he
d) was
 EXAMPLE 6
MULTIPLE CLAUSES
The boy______ playing in the yard is
my brother
a) now
b) Is (other subject?)
c) he
d) was
 EXAMPLE 6
MULTIPLE CLAUSES
The boy______ playing in the yard is
my brother
a) now
b) is (other subject?)
c) he (connector?)
d) was
 EXAMPLE 6
MULTIPLE CLAUSES
The boy______ playing in the yard is
my brother
a) now
b) is (other subject?)
c) he (connector?)
d) was (connector?)
 EXAMPLE 6
MULTIPLE CLAUSES
The boy______ playing in the yard is
my brother
a) now (who is now)
b) Is (other subject?)
c) he (connector?)
d) was (connector?)
 HUKUM REDUKSI

4. PADA SUMPELAN (ADJ CLAUSE), KETIKA

TERJADI REDUKSI, KLAUSA TERSEBUT BISA
PINDAH KE DEPAN.
 SUMPELAN [aktif]
The principal teaches math.
The principal who wrote a book on
language last year teaches math.
The principal writing a book on language
last year teaches math.
Writing a book on language last year(,) The
principal teaches math.
 EXAMPLE 7
______ on several television programs, the
witness gave conflicting account to what had
happened.
a) He appeared
b) Who appeared
c) Appearing
d) Appears

79
 EXAMPLE 7
______ on several television programs(,) the
witness gave conflicting account to what had
happened.
a) He appeared
b) Who appeared
c) Appearing
d) Appears
 EXAMPLE 7
______ on several television programs, the
witness gave conflicting account to what had
happened.
a) He appeared
b) Who appeared
c) Appearing
d) Appears
 EXAMPLE 7
______ on several television programs, the
witness gave conflicting account to what had
happened.
a) He appeared
b) Who appeared
c) Appearing (who appeared appearing)
d) Appears
 SUMPELAN [pasif]
The principals office is very spacious.
The principals office which is located
near our classroom is very spacious.
The principals office located near our
classroom is very spacious.
Located near our classroom(,) the
principals office is very spacious.
 EXAMPLE 8
______ behind government secrecy for nearly
half a century, the Hanford plant in central
Washington produced plutonium for the
nuclear weapons of the Cold War.
a) It is hidden
b) Hidden
c) Which is hidden
d) The plant is hiding
84
 EXAMPLE 8
______ behind government secrecy for nearly
half a century (,) the Hanford plant in central
Washington produced plutonium for the
nuclear weapons of the Cold War.
a) It is hidden
b) Hidden
c) Which is hidden
d) The plant is hiding
 EXAMPLE 8
______ behind government secrecy for nearly
half a century (,) the Hanford plant in central
Washington produced plutonium for the
nuclear weapons of the Cold War.
a) It is hidden
b) Hidden
c) Which is hidden
d) The plant is hiding
 EXAMPLE 8
______ behind government secrecy for nearly half a
century (,) the Hanford plant in central
Washington produced plutonium for the nuclear
weapons of the Cold War.
a) It is hidden (connector?)
b) Hidden (which was hidden)
c) Which is hidden (sblm di reduksi, adj cl tdk d
dpan)
d) The plant is hiding (connector?)
SECTION 2: THE CORE PRINCIPLES

#3
CHOOSE YOUR PARTNER
CAREFULLY. POOR CHOICE IN A
RELATIONSHIP WILL CAUSE
CONFUSION.
WRITTEN EXPRESSIONS SKILL

S & V MUST AGREE

 S & V MUST AGREE
TO BE
(AM , IS, ARE, WAS, WERE, BE, BEEN,
BEING)
+
V ING (ACTIVE) / V 3 (PASSIVE) /
NOUNS / ADJECTIVES / ADVERBS /
PREPOSITIONS
 EXAMPLE 9

The Smiths are build their

house on some properties
that they own in the
desert.
 EXAMPLE 9

The Smiths are build their

house on some properties
that they own in the
desert.
 EXAMPLE 9

The Smiths are building

their house on some
properties that they own in
the desert.
S & V MUST AGREE

PERFECT ASPECT
(HAS, HAVE, HAD)
+
V3
 EXAMPLE 10

Linus Pauling has wins two

Nobel Prizes: the 1954 Nobel
Prize in Chemistry and the
1962 Nobel Peace Prize.
 EXAMPLE 10

Linus Pauling has wins two

Nobel Prizes: the 1954 Nobel
Prize in Chemistry and the
1962 Nobel Peace Prize.
 EXAMPLE 10

Linus Pauling has won two

Nobel Prizes: the 1954 Nobel
Prize in Chemistry and the
1962 Nobel Peace Prize.
 S & V MUST AGREE

MODALS
(WILL, WOULD, CAN, COULD, MAY,
MIGHT, SHALL, SHOULD, MUST,
etc.)
+
V1
 EXAMPLE 11

The students must took

the exam at ten in the
morning.
 EXAMPLE 11

The students must took

the exam at ten in the
morning.
 EXAMPLE 11

The students must take

the exam at ten in the
morning.
 PARALLELISM

BOTH AND
EITHER ..OR
NEITHER ..NOR
NOT ONLY BUT ALSO
V ING, V ING, AND V ING
TO , TO, AND TO
NOUN, NOUN, AND NOUN
 EXAMPLE 9

A bankruptcy may be either

voluntary nor involuntary.
 EXAMPLE 9

A bankruptcy may be either

voluntary nor involuntary.
 EXAMPLE 9

A bankruptcy may be either

voluntary or involuntary.
 EXAMPLE 12

Fire extinguishers can contain

liquefied gas, dry chemicals, or
watery.
 EXAMPLE 12

Fire extinguishers can contain

liquefied gas, dry chemicals, or
watery.
 EXAMPLE 12

Fire extinguishers can contain

liquefied gas, dry chemicals, or
water.
COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE

.er than
morethan
The est (in/of/that)
The most (in/of/that)
 EXAMPLE 10
1. Between Europe and Asia is the
Caspian sea, which is known as the
worlds most big lake.

2. Of all students in the school, Ronny

is better.
 LISTENING
Part A (dialogues)

Part B (short conversations)

Part C (long conversations)

 PART A
Focus on the last line.
Avoid similar sound.
Choose synonym.
Who, What, & Where.
Double negative.
Almost Negative.
Expression of agreement, uncertainty, suggestion &
surprise.
Contrary result.
Two-and-three part
Idioms.
FOCUS ON THE LAST LINE (4 part a)
(woman) Are you enjoying your coffee?
(man) It tastes extremely bitter this
morning!
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?

- The key word is always on the last line

TASTES EXTREMELY BITTER
 AVOID SIMILAR SOUND (4 part a)
(woman) Are you enjoying your coffee?
(man) It tastes extremely bitter this morning!
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?

a. The coffee is much BETTER this morning

b. The coffee TASTES EXTREMELY good.
c. The coffee isnt very good.
d. This morning he DEFINITELY wants some
coffee
 CHOOSE SYNONYM (4 part a)
(woman) Are you enjoying your coffee?
(man) It tastes extremely bitter this
morning!
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE MAN MEAN?
a. The coffee is much better this morning
b. The coffee tastes extremely good.
c. The coffee ISNT VERY GOOD.
d. This morning he definitely wants some
coffee

115
 WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (30)
(woman) Can you tell me what assignments I
missed when I was absent from your
class?
(man) You missed one homework assignment
and a quiz.
(narrator) WHO IS THE MAN?
a. A newspaper editor
b. A police officer
c. A teacher
d. A student
116
 WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (30)
(woman) Can you tell me what assignments I
missed when I was absent from your
class?
(man) You missed one homework assignment
and a quiz.
(narrator) WHO IS THE MAN?
a. A newspaper editor
b. A police officer
c. A teacher
d. A student
117
 WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (2)
(woman) Are you going to read those books here
in the library?
(man) I think Id rather check them out now
and take them home
(narrator) WHAT WILL THE MAN PROBABLY
DO?
a. Sit down in the library
b. Look for some more books
c. Return the books to the shelves
d. Go to the circulation desk
118
 WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (2)
(woman) Are you going to read those books here
in the library?
(man) I think Id rather check them out now
and take them home
(narrator) WHAT WILL THE MAN PROBABLY
DO?
a. Sit down in the library
b. Look for some more books
c. Return the books to the shelves
d. Go to the circulation desk
119
 WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (3)
(woman) Are you going into the water, or are
you just going to lie there on the sand?
(man) I think I need to put some suntan lotion
(narrator) WHERE DOES THIS
CONVERSATION PROBABLY TAKE
PLACE?
a. At a beauty salon
b. A the beach
c. In a sandbox
d. At an outdoor restaurant
120
 WHO, WHAT, & WHERE (3)
(woman) Are you going into the water, or are
you just going to lie there on the sand?
(man) I think I need to put some suntan lotion
(narrator) WHERE DOES THIS
CONVERSATION PROBABLY TAKE
PLACE?
a. At a beauty salon
b. At the beach
c. In a sandbox
d. At an outdoor restaurant
121
 DOUBLE NEGATIVE (13)
(woman) I cant believe the news that I heard
about the concert
(man) Well, it isnt impossible for the concert to
take place
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY
ABOUT THE CONCERT?
a. Theres no possibility that the concert
will take place
b. The concert will definitely not take place
c. The concert might take place
d. The concert cant take place
122
 DOUBLE NEGATIVE (13)
(woman) I cant believe the news that I heard
about the concert
(man) Well, it isnt impossible for the concert to
take place
(narrator) WHAT DOES THE WOMAN SAY
ABOUT THE CONCERT?
a. Theres no possibility that the concert
will take place
b. The concert will definitely not take place
c. The concert might take place
d. The concert cant take place
123
 ALMOST NEGATIVE (15)
(woman) Were you able to pay the electric bill?
(man) I had barely enough money.
(narrator) What does the man imply?
a. He had plenty of money for the bill
b. He did not have enough money for the
bill
c. He paid the bill but has no money left
d. He was unable to pay the bill

124
 ALMOST NEGATIVE (15)
(woman) Were you able to pay the electric bill?
(man) I had barely enough money.
(narrator) What does the man imply?
a. He had plenty of money for the bill
b. He did not have enough money for the
bill
c. He paid the bill but has no money
left
d. He was unable to pay the bill

125
 ALMOST NEGATIVE ET AL

Hardly, Nearly, Barely, Scarcely, Only

(almost none)
Almost, Seldom
(almost never)
are grouped as Almost negative word.

126
 AGREEMENT EXPRESSION (21)
(man) I think that the hypothesis is
indefensible
(woman) So do I
(narrator) What does the woman mean?
a. She is unsure about the hypothesis
b. The hippopotamus is behind the fence
c. She thinks that the hypothesis can be
defended
d. She agrees with the man

127
 AGREEMENT EXPRESSION (21)
(man) I think that the hypothesis is
indefensible
(woman) So do I
(narrator) What does the woman mean?
a. She is unsure about the hypothesis
b. The hippopotamus is behind the fence
c. She thinks that the hypothesis can be
defended
d. She agrees with the man

128
 UNCERTAINITY EXPRESSION (24)
(man) Do you know anything about the final
exam in physics?
(woman) Its going to be rather difficult, isnt
it?
(narrator) What does the woman mean?
a. The exam is not going to be difficult
b. Shes positive thats its going to be
hard.
c. She thinks that it might be hard
d. She has no idea about the exam
129
 UNCERTAINITY EXPRESSION (24)
(man) Do you know anything about the final
exam in physics?
(woman) Its going to be rather difficult, isnt
it?
(narrator) What does the woman mean?
a. The exam is not going to be difficult
b. Shes positive thats its going to be
hard.
c. She thinks that it might be hard
d. She has no idea about the exam
130
 SUGGESTION EXPRESSION (25)
(man) Ill never have time to type my paper
tomorrow
(woman) Why not do it now?
(narrator) What does the woman suggest?
a. Finishing the paper
b. Not working on the paper now
c. Never typing the paper
d. Taking time out from the paper now

131
 SUGGESTION EXPRESSION (25)
(man) Ill never have time to type my paper
tomorrow
(woman) Why not do it now?
(narrator) What does the woman suggest?
a. Finishing the paper
b. Not working on the paper now
c. Never typing the paper
d. Taking time out from the paper now

132
 EXPRESSION OF SURPRISE (27)
(woman) Did you see Paul driving around in his
Mustang
(man) Then he DID get a new car
(narrator) What had the man thought?
a. Paul would definitely get a Mustang
b. Paul did not know how to drive
c. Paul did not like mustangs
d. Paul would not get a new car

133
 EXPRESSION OF SURPRISE (27)
(woman) Did you see Paul driving around in his
Mustang
(man) Then he DID get a new car
(narrator) What had the man thought?
a. Paul would definitely get a Mustang
b. Paul did not know how to drive
c. Paul did not like mustangs
d. Paul would not get a new car

134
 CONTRARY (4 tr4)
(woman) Its too bad that you have to stay here
and work during the school break
(man) I really wish I could go with you and the
others to Palm springs
(narrator) What does the man thought?
a. Maybe he will go with the others on the
trip
b. He is unable to go on the trip
c. Hes happy to be going on the trip
d. Hes going on the trip, but not with the
others
135
 CONTRARY (4 tr4)
(woman) Its too bad that you have to stay here
and work during the school break
(man) I really wish I could go with you and the
others to Palm springs
(narrator) What does the man thought?
a. Maybe he will go with the others on the
trip
b. He is unable to go on the trip
c. Hes happy to be going on the trip
d. Hes going on the trip, but not with the
others
136
Readin
g
137
WORDS PARTS
PART MEANIN EXAMPLE PART MEANIN EXAMPLE
G G
OMNI ALL OMNIPOTENT RUPT BREAK ERUPT

JECT THROW EJECT SCRIPT WRITE DESCRIBE

PORT CARRY PORTABLE VIV LIVE SURVIVE

CIR ROUND CIRCULATE EX OUT EXIT

IN IN INCLUDE RE BACK RETURN

SUB UNDER SUBWAY TELE FAR TELEPHONE

TRANS ACROSS TRANS PRE BEFORE PREVIOUS

ATLANTIC
POST AFTER POSTPONE BENE GOOD BENEFIT

MAL BAD MALFUNCTION EU GOOD EUPHEMISM

DIS BAD DISFUNCTION PHOBIA FEAR CLAUSTROPH

138
OBIA
The word malpractice in line 4 is
closest in the meaning to

A.Religion
B. Flag
C. Careless
D.agreement

139
The word malpractice in line 4 is
closest in the meaning to

A.Religion
B. Flag
C. Care(less)
D.agreement
 Raven is common name applied to about ten large birds of
the crow family. The best known is the common raven, found
throughout much of the northern hemisphere, from the high
Arctic islands of Canada to the deserts of North Africa. It is the
largest of all songbirds, attaining a length of more than 60 cm. It
has a wedge-shaped tail and is satiny black, with a metallic, bluish
sheen. The bill is long, powerful, and slightly hooked, and the feet
are strong. The common raven is omnivorous, feeding on seeds,
fruit, small birds and mammals, and even carrion. It nests on high
trees or cliffs; the female lays four to eight spotted, light-blue eggs
in a clutch, and both parents feed the young. Because of its social
behavior, intelligence, and high adaptability, Ravens has become
the subject of many legends and folklores in many communities.
 Please write on the
paper/whiteboard
1. The main idea of the paragraph is...

a. How Ravens got their name.

b. General description of a species of a bird.
c. Ravens in its natural habitat.
d. Social behavior of Ravens.
 Please write on the
paper/whiteboard
1. The main idea of the paragraph is...

a. How Ravens got their name.

b. General description of a species of a bird.
c. Ravens in its natural habitat.
d. Social behavior of Ravens.
 Raven is common name applied to about ten large birds
of the crow family. The best known is the common raven, found
throughout much of the northern hemisphere, from the high
Arctic islands of Canada to the deserts of North Africa. It is the
largest of all songbirds, attaining a length of more than 60 cm. It
has a wedge-shaped tail and is satiny black, with a metallic, bluish
sheen. The bill is long, powerful, and slightly hooked, and the feet
are strong. The common raven is omnivorous, feeding on seeds,
fruit, small birds and mammals, and even carrion. It nests on high
trees or cliffs; the female lays four to eight spotted, light-blue eggs
in a clutch, and both parents feed the young. Because of its social
behavior, intelligence, and high adaptability, Ravens has become
the subject of many legends and folklores in many communities.
 Please write on the
paper/whiteboard
2. The word "omnivorous" in [line 3 ] can be best
replaced by...

a. plant-eater
b. meat-eater
c. carrion-eater
d. all-eater
 Please write on the
paper/whiteboard
2. The word "omnivorous" in [line 3 ] can be best
replaced by...

a. plant-eater
b. meat-eater
c. carrion-eater
d. all-eater
 Raven is common name applied to about ten large birds of
the crow family. The best known is the common raven, found
throughout much of the northern hemisphere, from the high
Arctic islands of Canada to the deserts of North Africa. It is the
largest of all songbirds, attaining a length of more than 60 cm. It
has a wedge-shaped tail and is satiny black, with a metallic, bluish
sheen. The bill is long, powerful, and slightly hooked, and the feet
are strong. The common raven is omnivorous, feeding on seeds,
fruit, small birds and mammals, and even carrion. It nests on high
trees or cliffs; the female lays four to eight spotted, light-blue eggs
in a clutch, and both parents feed the young. Because of its social
behavior, intelligence, and high adaptability, Ravens has become
the subject of many legends and folklores in many communities.
 Please write on the
paper/whiteboard
3. Which of these statements are true according
to the passage?

a. Ravens are not usually found in the southern

hemisphere
b. Ravens are less than 60 cm in length
c. Female ravens could lay more than 8 eggs in a
clutch
d. Young ravens can feed themselves
 Please write on the
paper/whiteboard
3. Which of these statements are true according
to the passage?

a. Ravens are not usually found in the southern

hemisphere
b. Ravens are less than 60 cm in length
c. Female ravens could lay more than 8 eggs in a
clutch
d. Young ravens can feed themselves
 Raven is common name applied to about ten large
birds of the crow family. The best known is the common
raven, found throughout much of the northern
hemisphere, from the high Arctic islands of Canada to
the deserts of North Africa. It is the largest of all
songbirds, attaining a length of more than 60 cm. It has a
wedge-shaped tail and is satiny black, with a metallic,
bluish sheen. The bill is long, powerful, and slightly
hooked, and the feet are strong. The common raven is
omnivorous, feeding on seeds, fruit, small birds and
mammals, and even carrion. It nests on high trees or
cliffs; the female lays four to eight spotted, light-blue
eggs in a clutch, and both parents feed the young.
Because of its social behavior, intelligence, and high
adaptability, Ravens has become the subject of many
legends and folklores in many communities.