ENGR.

LORIE CRIS SANCHEZ ASUBE

GE 100.1 Introduction to
Lecture No. 1 Instructor
General Surveying I (Lab) Surveying
 What is Surveying?
It is the art and science of determining
angular and linear measurements to
establish the form, extent, and relative
position of points, lines, and areas on or near
the surface of the earth or on other
extraterrestrial bodies through applied
mathematics and the use of specialized
equipment and techniques.

GE 100.1 Introduction to
Lecture No. 1 Surveying
General Surveying I (Lab)
Classification of Land Surveys

1. Plane Surveying
It is a type of surveying in which the earth is
considered to be a flat surface, and where
distances and areas involved are of limited
extent that the exact shape of the earth is
disregarded.
2. Geodetic Surveying
They are surveys of wide extent which take
into account the spheroidal shape of the
earth.

GE 100.1 Introduction to
Lecture No. 1 Surveying
General Surveying I (Lab)
 Types of Surveys
1. Cadastral Survey
They are usually closed surveys which are
undertaken in urban and rural locations for
the purpose of determining and defining
property lines and boundaries, corners, and
areas.
2. City Surveys
They are surveys of the areas in and near a
city for the purpose of planning expansions
or improvements, locating property lines,
fixing reference monuments, determining
the physical features and configuration of
land and preparing maps.
GE 100.1 Introduction to
Lecture No. 1 Surveying
General Surveying I (Lab)
 Types of Surveys
3. Construction Surveys
They are surveys which are undertaken at a
construction site to provide data regarding
grades, reference lines, dimensions, ground
configuration, and the location and elevation of
structures which are of concern to engineers,
architects, and builders.
4. Forestry Surveys
This type of survey executed in connection with
forest management and mensuration, and the
production and conservation of forest land.
GE 100.1 Introduction to
Lecture No. 1 Surveying
General Surveying I (Lab)
 Types of Surveys
5. Hydrographic Surveys
It refers to surveying streams, lakes, reservoirs,
harbors, oceans, and other bodies of water.
6. Industrial Surveys
It is sometimes known as optical tooling.
It refers to the use of surveying techniques in ship
building, construction and assembly or aircrafts,
lay out and installation of heavy and complex
machinery, and other industries where very
accurate dimensional layouts are required.
GE 100.1 Introduction to
Lecture No. 1 Surveying
General Surveying I (Lab)
 Types of Surveys
7. Mines Surveys
They are surveys which are performed to
determine the position of all underground
excavations and surface mine structures, to fix
surface boundaries of mining claims, determine
geological formations, to calculate excavated
volumes, and establish lines and grades for other
related mining work.
8. Photogrammetric Surveys
It is a type of surveys which makes use of
photographs taken with specially designed
cameras either from airplanes or ground stations.
GE 100.1 Introduction to
Lecture No. 1 Surveying
General Surveying I (Lab)
 Types of Surveys
9. Route Surveys
It involves the determination of alignment, grade,
earthwork quantities, location of natural and
artificial objects in connection with the planning,
design, and construction of highways, railroads,
pipelines, canals, transmission lines, and other
linear projects.
10. Topographic Surveys
They are surveys made for determining the shape
of the ground, and the location and elevation of
natural and artificial features.
GE 100.1 Introduction to
Lecture No. 1 Surveying
General Surveying I (Lab)
 Surveying Measurements

Measurement
It is the process of determining the extent,
size or dimensions of a particular quantity in
comparison to a given standard.
It was concentrated on angles, elevations,
times, lines, areas, and volumes.

GE 100.1 Introduction to
Lecture No. 1 Surveying
General Surveying I (Lab)
 Types of Measurements
1. Direct Measurement
It is a comparison of measured quantity with a
standard measuring unit or units employed for
measuring a quantity of that kind.
2. Indirect Measurement
The observed value is determined by the
relationship to some other known values.

GE 100.1 Introduction to
Lecture No. 1 Surveying
General Surveying I (Lab)
 THANK
YOU!
GE 100.1 Introduction to
Lecture No. 1 Surveying
General Surveying I (Lab)