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A complex interface
metal electrolyte
M+ To sense a signal
I a current I must flow !
e-
? A - But no electron e- is
passing the interface!
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metal cation
leaving into the electrolyte
No current
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metal cation
joining the metal
No current
One cation M+
out of the electrolyte
becomes one neutral atom M
taking off one free electron
from the metal.
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half-cell voltage
No current, 1M salt concentration, T = 25C
metal: Li Al Fe Pb H Ag/AgCl Cu Ag Pt Au
Vh / Volt -3,0 negativ 0 0,223 positiv 1,68
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Nernst equation
For arbitrary concentration and temperature
E = RT/(zF)ln(c/K)
E electrode potential
R = 8.314 J /(mol*K) molar gas constant
T absolute temperature
z valence
F = 96485 C/mol Faradays constant
c concentration of metal ion in solution
K metal solution pressure,
or tendency to dissolve
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electrode double layer
No current
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current influence
with current flowing
the half-cell voltage changes
this voltage change is called
overpotential or polarization:
Vp = Vr + Vc + Va
activation, depends on direction of reaction
concentration (change in double layer)
ohmic (voltage drop)
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polarizable electrode
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nonpolarizable electrode
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chemical reactions
silver / silver chloride
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electrical behaviour
equivalent circuit
26
equivalent circuit
electrode-electrolyte
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more precise approximation of
double layer Randles circuit
electrode-electrolyte
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