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Well Drilling
Lesson 35
Wellbore Surveying Methods
1
Wellbore Surveying Methods
Average Angle
Balanced Tangential
Minimum Curvature
Radius of Curvature
Tangential
Other Topics
Kicking off from Vertical
Controlling Hole Angle
2
Read:
Applied Drilling Engineering, Ch.8
(~ first 20 pages)
Projects:
Due Monday, December 9, 5 p.m.
3
Homework Problem #18
4
I, A, DMD
5
Example - Wellbore Survey Calculations
A 3,000 0 20
B 3,200 6 6
C 3,600 14 20
D 4,000 24 80
C N (y) C
N
Dz Dz
D D
Dy
E (x) Dx
7
Example - Wellbore Survey Calculations
IC 14 A C 20
ID 24 A D 80
9
The Average Angle Method
Measured depth from C to D, DMD 400 ft
IC 14
A C 20
ID 24 A D 80
C
N (y)
C
Dz D N
Dz
E (x) Dy D
Dx
10
The Average Angle Method
11
The Average Angle Method
This method utilizes the average I1 I2
of I1 and I2 as an inclination, the IAVG
2
average of A1 and A2 as a
direction, and assumes the entire A1 A 2
A AVG
survey interval (DMD) to be 2
tangent to the average angle.
IC ID 14 24
IAVG 19
2 2
A C AD 20 80
A AVG 50
2 2
Dx 99.76 ft
13
The Average Angle Method
At Point D,
15
The Balanced Tangential Method
DMD
DEast sin I1 sin A1 sin I2 sin A 2
2
DMD
DNorth sin I1 cos A1 sin I2 cos A 2
2
DMD
DVert cos I2 cos I1
2
DMD
DEast sin IC sin AC sin ID sin AD
2
400
2
sin 14 o sin 20o sin 24 o sin 80o
Dx 96.66 ft
17
The Balanced Tangential Method
DMD
DNorth sin IC cos AC sin ID cos AD
2
400
2
sin 14 o cos 20o sin 24 o cos 80o
Dy 59.59 ft
18
The Balanced Tangential Method
DMD
DVert cos ID cos IC
2
400
2
cos 24 o cos 14 o
Dz 376.77 ft
19
The Balanced Tangential Method
At Point D,
20
Minimum Curvature Method
21
Minimum Curvature Method
This method smooths the two straight-line segments
of the Balanced Tangential Method using the Ratio
Factor RF.
2 b
RF tan
b 2 (DL= b and must be in radians)
DMD
DEast sin I1 sin A1 sin I2 sin A 2 RF
2
DMD
DNorth sin I1 cos A1 sin I2 cos A 2 RF
2
DMD
DVert cos I1 cos I2 RF
2
22
Minimum Curvature Method
cos 24o 14o sin 14o sin 240 1 cos(800 20o )
cos b = 0.9356
23
Minimum Curvature Method
2 20.67o
RF tan
0.3608 2
RF 1.0110
24
Minimum Curvature Method
DMD
DEast sin IC sin AC sin ID sin AD RF
2
400
2
sin 14 o sin 20o sin 24 o sin 80o 1.0110
Dx 97.72 ft
25
Minimum Curvature Method
DMD
DNorth sin IC cos AC sin ID cos AD RF
2
400
2
sin 14 o cos 20o sin 24 o cos 80o 1.0110
Dy 60.25 ft
26
Minimum Curvature Method
DMD
DVert cos ID cos IC RF
2
400
2
cos 24 o cos 14 o 1.0110
Dz 380.91 ft
27
Minimum Curvature Method
At Point D,
28
The Radius of Curvature Method
DEast
ID IC AD AC
o
400 cos 14 cos 24 cos 20 cos 80 180
o o
o
2
24 14 80 20
Dx 95.14 ft
29
The Radius of Curvature Method
2
DMD (cos IC cos ID ) (sin AD sin AC ) 180
DNorth
(ID IC ) ( AD A C )
2
400(cos14 cos 24 )(sin 80 sin 20
) 180
(24 14)(80 20)
Dy 79.83 ft
30
The Radius of Curvature Method
Dz 377.73 ft
31
The Radius of Curvature Method
At Point D,
32
The Tangential Method
IC 14 A C 20
ID 24 A D 80
Dx 160.22 ft
33
The Tangential Method
Dy 28.25 ft
Dz 365.42 ft
34
The Tangential Method
At Point D,
x y z
Average Angle 1,100 1,084 3,878
Balanced Tangential 1,097 1,060 3,877
Minimum Curvature 1,098 1,060 3,881
Radius of Curvature 1,095 1,080 3,878
Tangential Method 1,160 1,028 3,865
36
37
38
Building
Hole Angle
39
Holding
Hole Angle
40
41
CLOSURE
(HORIZONTAL) DEPARTURE
LEAD ANGLE
42
b
43
Tool Face Angle
44