SUPER CRITICAL POWER PLANTS

CONTROL & AUTOMATION ASPECTS

FOR

RELIABILITY OF SUPER-CRITICAL UNITS

Sandeep M. Patel
BHEL-Electronics Division
patelsm@bheledn.co.in
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Market requirements
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FUEL
Coal & Lignite

Abundant Availability

Lower Cost

Will continue as main

source of fuel
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EXPECTATIONS FROM GENERATION UNITS

Increased Plant Efficiency & Lower Heat rate

High Reliability and Availability of Plant

Ability to use different quality of Fuel

Ability to operate under adverse grid conditions

Minimum Pollution

Lowest cost
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Parameters to Increase Cycle Efficiency

Increase in Main Steam Pressure

Increase in Superheat and Reheat Temperatures

Increase in Condenser Vacuum

Increase in Feed water Temperature

.. and many more

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Measures to Improve Plant Efficiency

Overall Efficiency can be increased by

Improving internal efficiency

Adoption of advance steam parameters

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Measures to Improve Plant Efficiency

As the fluid pressure increases,

Latent Heat ( Enthalpy of Steam
Enthalpy of Water) reduces.
At Critical point it becomes zero.
In physical terms, at this pressure
water transforms to steam
spontaneously.
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Measures to Improve Plant Efficiency

PARAMETERS ABOVE CRITICAL STATE
STEAM PRESSURE > 221.2 BAR
STEAM TEMPERATURE > 374.15 Deg C
ULTRA SUPERCRITICAL PRESSURE( 300 BAR)

4.3 %
Improvement

45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
500 MW 660 MW

Sub critical
Super Critical
170ata / 537 C / 537 C
247ata / 565 C / 593 C

INCREASE IN PRESSURE AND MAIN & REHEAT TEMP. > 537 Deg C
RESULTS IN SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT IN EFFICIENCY
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Measures to Improve Plant Efficiency

Steam Power plant efficiency increases with
increase in steam pressure and temperature.

Power plant Cycles operating above critical

pressure (221.2 bar) are classified as Supercritical
cycles.

With higher cycle efficiency, the supercritical cycle

offers the advantage of burn less fuel for the
same output and lower emission.

Lesser Pollutants SOX , NOX & CO2

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Expectations from C&I

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Power Plant Objectives

Optimum Performance

Reliable and Secure Operation

Simplicity in Operation
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Power Plant Control Requirement

Efficient and Effective Control Strategy

Reliable , Precise and Flexible Execution

Well Designed Operating Aids

Increased Level of Automation

Ability to cover all areas of a power plant

Integrated Automation and Information

Management
Central Control Room for Total Power Plant
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Added Features
Expert System Based Tools

Performance Analysis, Diagnosis and Optimization

System ( PADO)

Boiler Flame Analysis System for Combustion

Optimisation

Root Cause Analysis System

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Responsibility of C&I
To provide a system, which is

Safe
Reliable
Highly Available
Efficient
Easy to Operate

----------------->>>>
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Responsibility of C&I
To provide a system, which is

Expandable
Informative

Guide To Operator and Maintenance

Personnel

Assistant to Operator/ Maintenance

Group
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Responsibility of C&I
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How it is Achieved

Highly reliable and rugged control system

Well designed Control Strategies

Fast, Accurate and Efficient Processing,

Calculations and Decision making

Built-in Redundancies at every level

Easily maintainable for Minimum Down time

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How it is Achieved

Better Information Management & Presentation

System

Operator Guidance

Better Diagnostic and Maintenance Tools

for Machine as well as for Control Electronics
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Changes in C&I due to Super-Critical

Technology

Even Though Machines have changed but Major

Sub-systems remain same/similar

All major Control Requirements remain Same

No major change in Controlled Field Devices and

Equipment

Control Strategies will change to suit Process

requirement, which is possible to be realized in
existing Control System
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Power Plants are either

Sub-Critical OR Super-Critical

There is no Critical Plant

But for C&I

Every Plant is CRITICAL
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THANKS