Exercise

Tell me the difference/

distinguishing characteristics of
the following:
Euglena vs. Didinium
 Euglena vs. Didinium
Flagella vs. Cilia
Monomorphic vs. dimorphic
Eyespot present vs. eyespot absent
Photosynthetic vs. Non-photosynthetic
Didinium vs. Gregarina
 Didinium vs. Gregarina
Cilia vs. no locomotory organ
Dimorphic vs monomorphic
Non-spore producing vs spore producing
Forams vs. radiolarians
 Forams vs. radiolarians
Reticulopodia vs. axopodia
Calcareous vs siliceous
Radiolarians vs. Amoeba
 Radiolarians vs. Amoeba
Axopodia vs. lobopodia
Axopodia feeding vs. phago/pinocytosis
Dichotomous Key (Protozoa)
Euglena
Paramecium
Gregarina
Foram
Radiolarians
Amoeba
Dichotomous Key (Answer)
1. a. photosynthetic Euglena
b. non-photosynthetic 2
2. a. locomotory organelle absent Gregarina
b. locomotory organelle present 3
3. a. sexual reproduction present (conjugation) Paramecium
b. no sexual reproduction (fission) 4
4. a. Monomorphic and dimorphic forams
b. monomorphic only 5
5. a. axopodia radiolarians
b. lobopodia - Amoeba
Amoeba vs. Euplectella
 Amoeba vs. Euplectella
(Protozoa vs. Porifera)
Unicellular vs. multicellular
Lobopodia vs. no locomotory organelle
Spicules absetn vs. spicules present
Euplectella vs. Grantia
 Euplectella vs. Grantia
Syncitial vs. Cellular
Hexactine/hexaxon vs. mono-/tri- axon
Siliceous vs. calcareous
Grantia vs. Leiodermatium
 Grantia vs. Leiodermatium
Synconoid vs. Leuconoid
Spicules vs. spicules and spongin
Calcareous vs. siliceous
Dichotomous Key (Porifera)
Euplectella
Leiodermatium
Grantia
Dichotomous Key (Answer)
1. a. Tissue syncytial Euplectella
b. Tissue cellular - 2
2. a. Calcareous spicule Grantia
b. Siliceous spicule - Leiodermatium
Leiodermatium vs. Acropora
 Leiodermatium vs. Acropora
(Porifera vs. Cnidaria)
No true tissues vs. true tissues/diploblastic
Mesoglea absent vs. mesoglea present
GVC absent vs. GVC present
Metridium vs. Chiropsalmus
 Metridium vs. Chiropsalmus
Medusa absent vs. medusa present
Pedalia absent vs. pedalia present
Calcareous/horny skeleton present vs. horny skeleton absent
Chiropsalmus vs. Aurelia
 Chiropsalmus vs. Aurelia
Cube-shaped vs. saucer-shaped
Strobilation absent vs. strobilation present
Pedalia present vs. pedalia absent
Aurelia vs. Physalia
 Aurelia vs. Physalia
Medusa dominant vs. Polyp dominant
Cellular mesoglea vs. acellular mesoglea
GVC with septa vs. GVC w/o septa
Marine vs. Freshwater
Dichotomous Key (Cnidaria)
Acropora
Chiropsalmus
Aurelia
Physalia
Dichotomous Key (Answers)
1. a. Medusa absent - Acropora
b. Medusa present 2
2. a. Aseptate GVC Physalia
b. Septate GVC 3
3. a. Pedalia present Chiropsalmus
b. Pedalia absent - Aurelia
Hydra vs. Dugesia
 Hydra vs. Dugesia
(Cnidaria vs. Platyhelminthes)
Diploblastic vs. Triploblastic
Radial symmetry vs. bilateral symmetry
Nerve net vs. ladder type nervous system
Excretory system absent vs. protonephridia
Nematocyst present vs. nematocyst absent
Sexually dimorphic vs. hermaphroditic
Dugesia vs. Schistosoma
 Dugesia vs. Schistosoma
Free living vs. parasitic
Sucker absent vs. sucker present
Plicate pharynx present vs. plicate pharynx absent
Clonorchis vs. Taenia
 Clonorchis vs. Taenia
Digestive system present vs. absent
Pseudometamerism absent vs. present
Dichotomous Key (Platyhelminthes)
Dugesia
Clonorchis
Taenia
Dichotomous Key (Answer)
1. a. Free-living Dugesia
b. Endo-parasitic - 2
2. a. Digestive system present/incomplete Clonorchis
b. Digestive system absent - Taenia
Taenia vs. Philodina
(Platyhelminthes vs. Rotifera)
 Taenia vs. Philodina

Digestive system absent vs. Digestive system present (complete)

Ladder type vs. Ganglionic nervous system
Acoelomate vs. Pseudocoelomate
Hermaphorditic vs. Parthenogenic
Philodina vs. Acanthozostera
 Philodina vs. Acanthozostera
(Rotifera vs. Mollusca)

Pseudocoelomate vs. Coelomate

Mantle absent vs. mantle present
Radula absent vs. radula absent
Hemocoel absent vs. hemocoel present
Acanthozostera vs. Dentalium
Acanthozostera vs. Dentalium
Plate type shell vs. univalve shell
Dorsoventrally compressed vs. dorsoventrally elongated
Dentalium vs.Achatina
 Dentalium vs.Achatina
Tentacles/eye absent vs. tentacles/eyes present
Captacula present vs. absent
Torsion absent vs. torsion present
Achatina vs. Perna
 Achatina vs. Perna
Univalve vs. Bivalve
Radula present vs. absent
Tentacles/eyes present vs. absent
Body torsion vs. flat
Perna vs. Loligo
 Perna vs. Loligo
Bivalve vs. no shell
Radula absent vs. present
tentacles/eyes absent vs. present
Dichotomous Key (Mollusca)
Acanthozostera
Dentalium
Achatina
Perna
Loligo
Dichotomous Key (Answer)
1. a. Radula absent Perna
b. Radula present 2
2. a. Shell absent Loligo
b. Shell absent 3
3. a. Tentacles present Achatina
b. Tentacles absent 4
4. a. Univalve shell Dentalium
b. Dorsal plated shell - Acanthozostera
Octopus vs. Pheretima (earthworm)
 Octopus vs. Pheretima (earthworm)
(Mollusca vs. Annelida)

Unsegmented vs. segmented (metameric)

Mantle present vs. mantle absent
Cuticle absent vs. cuticle absent
Eunice vs. Sabella
 Eunice vs. Sabella
Mobile vs. Sedentary
Sabella vs. Pheretima
 Sabella vs. Pheretima
Clitellum absent vs. clitellum present
Parapodia present vs. parapodia absent
Sexually separated vs. united/hermaphroditic
Pheretima vs. Limnotes
 Pheretima vs. Limnotes
Setae present vs. absent
Suckers absent vs. present
Dichotomous Key (Annelida)
Eunice
Sabella
Pheretima
Limnotes
Dichotomous Key (Answer)
1. a. Sexually dimorphic 2
b. Hermaphroditic 3
2. a. Free-range/mobile Eunice
b. Sedentary Sabella
3. a. Setae present Pheretima
b. Setae absent - Limnotes
Dichotomous Key (Mixed)
Gregarina
Euplectella
Aurelia
Clonorchis
Philodina
Perna
Eunice
Dichotomous Key (Answer)
1. a. Unicellular Gregarina
b. Multicellular 2
2. a. true tissue absent Euplectella
b. true tissue absent 3
3. a. Diploblastic Aurelia
b. Triploblastic 4
4. a. Ladder-type nervous system Clonorchis
b. Ganglionic 5
5. a. Pseudocoelomate Philodina
b. Coelomate 6
6. a. Segmentation absent Loligo
b. Segmentation present - Eunice