Geobiología Interacciones de La Vida Con La Tierra: © 2011 by W. H. Freeman and Company

GEOBIOLOGA
Interacciones de la vida con la

Tierra
2011 by W. H. Freeman and Company

Geobiologa
Es el estudio de cmo los organismos
han influenciado el ambiente.
La biosfera de la Tierra trabaja como un
sistema.
Los micro-organismos juegan un papel
muy importante en los procesos de la
Tierra, incluyendo la formacin de los
minerales y las rocas, as como su
destruccon.
reas que incluye:
Biologa
Gentica Qumica
GEOBIOLOGA
Paleobiologa Geoqumica
Geologa
1. La Biosfera como un
sistema:
La Biosfera es parte de
nuestro planeta y contiene a
todos los organismos.
Dentro de ella, se encuentran

los ecosistemas, que
Ecosystems are composed of
organisms and geologic
components that function in a
1. The Biosphere as a System
Geobiology is the study of the

interactions between the
biosphere and Earths
physical environment.
An ecosystem
Organisms of the ecosystem
Producers (autotrophs)
Consumers (heterotrophs)
Inputs to the ecosystem:

what life is made of
Carbon
Nutrients
Water
Energy
Processes and outputs:

how organisms live and
grow
Metabolism
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Biogeochemical cycle
a pathway through which
a chemical element or
molecule moves between
biologic and environmental
components of an ecosystem.
Example: greenhouse gasses

Biogeochemical cycle
a pathway through which
a chemical element or
molecule moves between
biologic and environmental
components of an ecosystem.
Examples: phosphorous and
sulfur cycles
Example 1: The phosphorous cycle
Tectonic processes
uplift phosphate-
containing rock
to the surface.
Wind and rain erode
phosphate-containing
rocks.
Tectonic processes
uplift phosphate-
containing rock
to the surface.
Wind and rain erode
rocks.
Tectonic processes
uplift phosphate-
containing rock
to the surface.
Runoff carries
sediment to
rivers, lakes,
and oceans.
Wind and rain erode
rocks.
Tectonic processes
uplift phosphate-
containing rock Plants take
to the surface. phosphorus
from soil.
Runoff carries
sediment to
rivers, lakes,
and oceans.
Wind and rain erode
rocks.
Tectonic processes
uplift phosphate-
from soil.
Animals eat
Runoff carries plants.
sediment to
rivers, lakes,
and oceans.
Wind and rain erode
rocks.
Tectonic processes
uplift phosphate-
from soil.
Animals eat
sediment to
rivers, lakes,
and oceans.
Decomposers
break down plant
and animal
remains and
return phosphorus
to soil.
Wind and rain erode
rocks.
Tectonic processes
uplift phosphate-
from soil.
Animals eat
sediment to
rivers, lakes,
and oceans.
Phosphate-
bearing
compounds in
fertilizers
dissolve in Decomposers
water. break down plant
and animal
remains and
return phosphorus
to soil.
Wind and rain erode
rocks.
Tectonic processes
uplift phosphate-
from soil.
Animals eat
sediment to
rivers, lakes,
and oceans.
Phosphate-
bearing
compounds in
fertilizers
and animal
remains and
Phosphorus return phosphorus
leaches from to soil.
the soil into water.
Wind and rain erode
rocks.
Tectonic processes
uplift phosphate-
from soil.
Animals eat
sediment to
rivers, lakes,
and oceans.
Phosphate-
bearing
compounds in
fertilizers
and animal
Phosphate-containing remains and
minerals accumulate to Phosphorus return phosphorus
form phosphate- leaches from to soil.
containing rocks. the soil into water.
Example 2: The sulfur cycle
THE SULFUR CYCLE

Tectonic processes
uplift rocks, and
weathering breaks
down sulfur-
bearing minerals.
Humans burn
fossil fuels,
Tectonic processes giving off sulfur
uplift rocks, and compounds.
weathering breaks
down sulfur-
bearing minerals.
Volcanoes release hydrogen sulfide gas. Humans burn
fossil fuels,
Tectonic processes giving off sulfur
uplift rocks, and compounds.
weathering breaks
down sulfur-
bearing minerals.
fossil fuels,
Rain combines with Tectonic processes giving off sulfur
hydrogen sulfide to uplift rocks, and compounds.
form sulfuric acid. weathering breaks
down sulfur-
bearing minerals.
fossil fuels,
down sulfur-
bearing minerals.
Acid rain increases
weathering of rocks.
fossil fuels,
down sulfur-
bearing minerals.
Acid rain increases
Rivers transport
dissolved sulfur
to water bodies.
fossil fuels,
down sulfur-
bearing minerals.
Acid rain increases
Rivers transport
dissolved sulfur
to water bodies.
Plants use sulfur-

bearing compounds
in soil.
fossil fuels,
down sulfur-
bearing minerals.
Acid rain increases
Rivers transport
dissolved sulfur
to water bodies.
Plants use sulfur-

bearing compounds
in soil.
Animals eat
plants.
fossil fuels,
down sulfur-
bearing minerals.
Acid rain increases
Rivers transport
dissolved sulfur
to water bodies.
Plants use sulfur-

bearing compounds
in soil.
Animals eat
plants.
Decomposers produce
hydrogen sulfide, which
reacts with iron to produce
pyrite.
fossil fuels,
down sulfur-
bearing minerals.
Acid rain increases
Rivers transport
dissolved sulfur
to water bodies.
Plants use sulfur-

bearing compounds
in soil.
Animals eat
plants.
Sulfur is leached Decomposers produce

from soils and is hydrogen sulfide, which
transported reacts with iron to produce
to water. pyrite.
fossil fuels,
down sulfur-
bearing minerals.
Acid rain increases
Rivers transport
dissolved sulfur
to water bodies.
Plants use sulfur-

bearing compounds
in soil.
Animals eat
plants.
Sulfur precipitates
as sulfate and sulfide Sulfur is leached Decomposers produce
minerals. from soils and is hydrogen sulfide, which
transported reacts with iron to produce
to water. pyrite.
Thought questions for this chapter
How does the biogeochemical cycle of carbon affect
global climate?
2. Microorganisms: Natures
Tiny Chemists
Microbes single-celled organisms

including bacteria, some fungi and
algae, and protozoa
most genetically diverse group
can grow in hostile environments

Tiny Chemists
Universal tree of life the hierarchy
of ancestors and descendants of all
life on Earth
universal ancestor: single root
three domains of life from the

universal ancestor
Three domains in the tree of life
Tiny Chemists
Extremophiles: microbes
that live on the edge
Halophiles
Acidophiles
Thermophiles
Anaerobes
Pink: halophiles living in ponds
Dark grey: anaerobes in sediment
Tiny Chemists
Microorganism-mineral
interactions
Mineral precipitation
Mineral dissolution
White: pyrite formed by anaerobes
Tiny Chemists
Microbial mats
Stromatolites
3. Geobiological Events
in Earths History
Origin of life and the oldest fossils
pre-biotic soup
chemical fossils
ancient microfossils
stromatolites
Pre-biotic soup
experiment
Early Archean stromatolites
Proterozoic microfossils
3. Geobiological Events
in Earths History
Origin of Earths oxygenated

atmosphere
cyannobacteria
banded iron formations
eukaryotic algae
red beds
Proterozoic banded iron formation
Proterozoic eukaryotic algae
Proterozoic red beds
4. Evolutionary Radiations
and Mass Extinctions
Radiation of life: the Cambrian

explosion
evolutionary radiation
work of natural selection
all major groups formed
advent of shells on body
Cambrian fossils
Cambrian
radiation
Mass extinctions of Phanerozoic life
Mass extinction at 444 Ma

End-Permian mass
extinction (251 Ma)
End-Cretaceous mass
extinction (65 Ma)
Knife lies on layer marking
End-Cretaceous mass extinction
Mass extinctions of Phanerozoic life
Paleocene-Eocene
methane release
global warming disaster
radiation of mammals
Thought questions for this chapter
During an evolutionary radiation, organisms evolve
rapidly. What would the geologic record look like if an
evolutionary radiation occurred during an interval
represented by an unconformity? How would you
distinguish an evolutionary radiation and the effects of an
unconformity?
5. Astrobiology: The Search for
Extraterrestrial Life
Places to look for extraterrestrial life
Habitable zones around stars
Environments in our solar system

Mars
other places

Geobiología Interacciones de La Vida Con La Tierra: © 2011 by W. H. Freeman and Company

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GEOBIOLOGA

Interacciones de la vida con la

2011 by W. H. Freeman and Company

Dentro de ella, se encuentran

Geobiology is the study of the

Organisms of the ecosystem

Inputs to the ecosystem:

Processes and outputs:

Example: greenhouse gasses

THE SULFUR CYCLE

Plants use sulfur-

Plants use sulfur-

Plants use sulfur-

Plants use sulfur-

Sulfur is leached Decomposers produce

Plants use sulfur-

Microbes single-celled organisms

most genetically diverse group

can grow in hostile environments

universal ancestor: single root

three domains of life from the

Origin of life and the oldest fossils

Origin of Earths oxygenated

Radiation of life: the Cambrian

Mass extinctions of Phanerozoic life

Mass extinction at 444 Ma

Mass extinctions of Phanerozoic life

Places to look for extraterrestrial life

Habitable zones around stars

Environments in our solar system

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