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MODELS OF ACTION RESEARCH

STEPHEN KEMMISS MODEL

PREPARED BY :
NUR AULIYA BT MOHD AZMI
NOOR HANANI BT MOHAMAD MAHAWI
NUR ANIS FARAHIYAH BT IBRAHIM MAT ZAKI
STEPHEN KEMMISS MODEL
Stephen Kemmis has developed a simple model
of the cyclical nature of the typical action
research process.

Each cycle has four steps


1. Plan
2. Act
3. Observe
4. Reflect
ACTION RESEARCH
Action research tends to be...
cyclic -- similar steps tend to recur, in a similar
sequence;

participative -- the clients and informants are


involved as partners, or at least active
participants, in the research process;

qualitative -- it deals more often with language


than with numbers; and

reflective -- critical reflection upon the process


and outcomes are important parts of each cycle.
Action research requires the teacher
reframes a problem by looking at in different
contexts, from different perspectives as a
part of larger system by making
comparisons, by applying the problem to
different groups.
The cycle best known in Australia is
probably that of Stephen Kemmis and his
colleagues at Deakin University, the steps
are:
plan --> act --> observe --> reflect ; then, in
the light of this, plan for the next cycle.
The reflection leads on to the next stage of
planning. The "planning" isn't a separate
and prior step; it is embedded in the action
and reflection. Short, multiple cycles allow
greater rigour to be achieved.
The steps

1st phase 2nd phase 3rd phase 4th phase 5th phase 6th phase
-planning -action plan - action plan
-data -reflection -replanning
What to do? Are you collection Based on Repeat 2nd
Does the planning to - data analysis phase
Considering the data
problem introduce Qualitatively
related to your strategies, or the data collected Repeat 3rd
and and phase
teaching? new collection
techniques? quantitatively analyzed,
Whether or technique Repeat 4th
not your Are you and the data you might
planning to rearranged phase
planning will collection
benefit you rearrange the you
technique that
guidance.
and your teaching
pupils. you are using method.
in you
teaching?

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