DC DRIVE BASICS

Purpose of a DC Drive

T
Alternating
Voltage
Direct Voltage

A DC drive converts AC power to DC voltage

in order to vary the speed and torque of the motor
 DC Motor Review

Speed is primarily determined by Armature Voltage

Torque is determined by Armature Current
 DC Motor Review

Rotation is the result of two independent electromagnetic

fields.
Armature windings
Field windings
Extended motor speeds above base speed are achieved
by reducing the field voltage (current)
Field Weakening
 DC Drive
Field Supply

3 Phase AC
Power T1 T3 T5 Gate
+

L1
L2
L3
SCR M
-

DC Armature Shunt
T2 T4 T6
Field

Current
Firing Circuit Feedback

Voltage
Regulator Feedback

Operator
Control Station
 DC Drive Components
Field Supply
DC DRIVE
INPUT
3 Phase AC
Power T1 T3 T5 Gate
V +

L1

T
L2
L3
SCR M
-

DC Armature Shunt
T2 T4 T6
Alternating Field
Voltage
Current
Firing Circuit Feedback

Voltage
Regulator Feedback

Operator
Control Station
 DC Drive Components
Silicon Field Supply

Control
Rectifiers 3 Phase AC
Power T1 T3 T5 Gate
(SCR) +

L1
L2
L3
SCR M
-

Permits current to flow in 1 direction T2 T4 T6

DC Armature Shunt
Gate signals when conduction occurs Field

Current
V Feedback
Firing Circuit
Voltage
Regulator Feedback
T

Direct Voltage Operator

Control Station
 DC Drive Components
Field Supply
Field Supply
3 Phase AC
Power T1 T3 T5 Gate
+

L1
L2
L3
SCR M
-

DC Armature Shunt
T2 T4 T6
Used to Control Field

Field Voltage/Current Current

Firing Circuit Feedback

Voltage
Regulator Feedback

Operator
Control Station
 DC Drive Components
Field Supply

3 Phase AC
Power T1 T3 T5 Gate
+

L1
L2
L3
SCR M
-

Sends Instructions T2 T4 T6
DC Armature Shunt
to Regulator Field

Current
Feedback
Operator Control Firing Circuit
Voltage
Station Regulator Feedback

Operator
Control Station
 DC Drive Components
Field Supply

3 Phase AC
Power T1 T3 T5 Gate
+

L1
L2
L3
SCR M
-
Compares instructions DC Armature Shunt
T2 T4 T6
feedback signals and Field
send appropriate signal to
Current
firing circuit Firing Circuit Feedback
Current (Torque) Voltage
Voltage (Speed) Regulator Feedback

Regulator Operator
Control Station
 DC Drive Components
Field Supply

3 Phase AC
Power T1 T3 T5 Gate
+

L1
L2
L3
SCR M
-

Supplies the gate pulses T2 T4 T6

DC Armature Shunt
Field
that fire the SCRs
Current
Firing Circuit Feedback
Firing Circuit Voltage
Regulator Feedback

Operator
Control Station
 Speed Power Curve
Armature Voltage Control Field Current Control
Constant Field Current Constant Armature
Voltage
100
Constant Power
Power (% of Rated)

que
or
T
nt
s ta
n
Co

100

Speed (% of Base Speed)

Speed Torque Curve
 Forms of Stopping

Coast to Rest
Ramp Stop
Dynamic Braking
Regeneration
 Dynamic Braking
Dynamic Braking
- Dissipates rotating mechanical energy to heat
Drive Powering Motor Foward
- Faster than coasting to rest Foward
Current
Current
- Not Controllable (except by changing the resistor)
Stop Signal
Sent
M
Dynamic
DB
Braking
Resistor
Resistor Dynamic
Braking
Current

Current
Firing Circuit Feedback

Voltage
Regulator Feedback

Operator Control
Station
 Regeneration
Regeneration
- Occurs when load overhaul motor
Forward Reverse Foward
- Puts power back into drive through 2nd set of Current
SCRs
Benefits
- Stop High Inertia Loads Faster
M
- Return Energy to AC Power Line

Reverse
Current

Current
Firing Circuit Feedback

Voltage
Regulator Feedback

Operator Control
Station
 Stopping Time

Dynamic
Braking

Coast Ramp
Regenerative
Braking Stop Stop
 Speed Regulation

How Much Will the Speed Change

Between No Load and Full Load?

Expressed as a Percentage
of Base Speed
Speed Regulation
 Feedback Options

Speed Feedback Type Regulation

Voltage - 2%
AC Tachometer RE O45 1%
DC Tachometer 5PY 1%
Encoder (pulse) RD-120-1 .01%
Encoder (pulse) RL - 1024 .01 %

Feedback device can determine speed regulation

 Types of Regulation

Voltage
Current (Torque)
Speed
Position

For discussion purpose, the regulation discussed

will be from 0 to base speed.
 Types of Regulation

Voltage Regulator
Drive Regulates Armature Voltage
Feedback = Voltage & Current
Speed Changes based on loading (5%)
IR Compensation
Improves regulation
Measures current feedback
 Types of Regulation

Current (Torque) Regulation

Adjusts armature voltage to change armature current
Feedback = Voltage & Current
Drive will provide only the current (torque) it is told
 Types of Regulation

Speed Regulation
Drive regulates speed of motor by changing armature
voltage
Feedback = Speed &Current
 Types of Regulation

Position Regulation
Drive regulates positioning device by changing the
armature voltage
Feedback = Position & Current
 Power Distribution Options

Isolation Transform
Circuit Breaker

Line Reactor
FlexPak 3000
Drive
Inverting Fault
Circuit Breaker
Contactor
M
 Power Distribution Options

Isolation Transform
Circuit Breaker Provides Impedance
Reduce Electrical Noise
Provide power off switch Isolation from ground
Overload capability Protect from external
Thermal FlexPak 3000
transients
Instantaneous Drive Preferred for regenerative
Current applications

M
 Power Distribution Options
Line Reactor

Provides Impedance
Reduces Electrical
Noise

Inverting Fault
Circuit Breaker FlexPak 3000 Contactor
Drive

Mechanical disconnect
to Motor
Provides power off switch
Overload
(Instantaneous Current)
M
Power Distribution Options

Disconnect Switch

Provides power off

switch to drive
FlexPak 3000 Less expensive
Drive
than circuit breaker

M
 DC Drive Modifications

Blower Motor Starter

115 V Control Interface
Enhanced Field Supply
Electronic Field Trim (240 V Drives only)
Field Economy
Field Current Regulator
 DC Drive Modifications

Blower Motor Starter

AC motor starter
Control of 3-phase blower motor
Fused with adjustable overload & interlocking
 DC Drive Modifications

115 V Control Interface

Converts customer supplied 115 V to
24 VDC
Inputs & Outputs
Run
Stop
Jog
Fwd/Rev
Auto/Man
Coast Stop
Customer Interlock
 DC Drive Modifications

Enhanced Field Supply

Adjust field voltage to control field flux
Electronic Field Trim
Changes Field Voltage/Current
Field Economy
Supply minimum voltage to keep motor warm
 DC Drive Modifications

Field Current Regulator

Actually regulates field current
Improves regulation performance
 DC Drive Terms

Constant Torque Variable Hp

Cogging
Full Wave / Half Wave
Regulation (% of rated)
M Contactor
Contactor
Turn down Ratio
Enclosures (Page XIV)
Questions ???