INTERNAL COMBUSTION

ENGINE
Slide Creator: Nainam Kapil 1344886
 What is Combustion or Heat
Engine?
Heat engine is a device which transfers
the chemical energy of a fuel into thermal
energy and utilizes this thermal energy to
perform useful mechanical work.
TYPES:
Internal Combustion Engine
External Combustion Engine Slide Creator: Nainam Kapil 1344886
 CONSTRUCTION

Inlet Valve Spark Plug Exhaust Valve

Air Products

Fuel Cylinder
Cylinder
Piston

Crank Shaft

4 STROKE I.C.E. Crank

Slide Creator: Nainam Kapil 1344886
 CONSTRUCTION

2 STROKE I.C.E. Spark Plug

Deflector
Exhaust Port
Transfer Port
Spring Loaded
Inlet valve

Crankcase
Slide Creator: Nainam Kapil 1344886
 THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF
ENGINES
If an engine is to work successfully it has
to follow a cycle of operation in a
sequential manner. The sequence is quite
rigid and cannot be changed.
For Example: Gasoline engine works
on Otto Cycle and Diesel engine
works on Diesel Cycle. Slide Creator: Nainam Kapil 1344886
 WORKING of 4 STROKE I.C.E.

In 4 stroke engine, the cycle of operation is completed in

four strokes.
Total 5 events takes place viz. suction, compression,
combustion, expansion and exhaust.
Each stroke consists of 180 of crankshaft rotation thus total
720 rotation takes place in 4 strokes.
Four strokes are:
1) Suction or intake stroke
2) Compression stroke
3) expansion or power stroke
4) exhaust stroke Slide Creator: Nainam Kapil 1344886
 Working
and PV
diagram

Slide Creator: Nainam Kapil 1344886

Suction Stroke

Suction stroke starts [0-1] when the piston is

at the top dead centre and about to move
downward. The inlet valve is open at this
time and the exhaust valve is closed. Due to
the suction created by the motion of the
piston towards the bottom dead centre, the
charge consisting of fuel-air mixture is drawn
into the cylinder. When the piston reaches
the bottom dead centre the suction stroke
ends and the inlet valve closes.
Slide Creator: Nainam Kapil 1344886
 Compression Stroke:

The charge taken into the cylinder during

the suction is compressed by the return
stroke of piston [1->2].

During this stroke both inlet and exhaust

valve are in closed position. The mixture
which fills the entire cylinder volume is now
compressed into the clearance volume.
Slide Creator: Nainam Kapil 1344886
 At the end of the compression stroke the mixture
is ignited with the help of the spark plug located
on the cylinder head. In ideal engines it is assumed
that burning takes place instantaneously when the
piston is at the top dead centre and hence the
burning process can be approximated as heat
addition at constant volume.

During the burning process the chemical energy

of the fuel is converted into heat energy producing
a temperature up 2000 C process [2->3].
Slide Creator: Nainam Kapil 1344886
The pressure at the end of the combustion process
is considerably increased due to the heat release
from the fuel.

EXPANSION or POWER STROKE

The high pressure of the burnt gases forces the
piston towards the BDC [3->4].
Both the valve are in closed position.
Of the four stroke only during this stroke power is
produced.
Both pressure and temperature decrease during
expansion. Slide Creator: Nainam Kapil 1344886
EXHAUST STROKE
At the end of the expansion stroke
the exhaust valve opens and the inlet
valve remains closed.
The pressure falls to the
atmospheric level a part of the burnt
gases escape.
The piston starts moving from the
BDC to TDC [5->0].

Slide Creator: Nainam Kapil 1344886

 And sweeps the burnt gases out from the
cylinder almost at atmospheric pressure.

The exhaust valve closes, when the piston

reaches TDC.

At the end of the exhaust stroke and some

residual gases trapped in the clearance volume
remain in the cycle.

And thus the cycle is repeated

Slide Creator: Nainam Kapil 1344886
DISADVANTAGES
of I.C.E.
Causes pollution in environment.
Vibration caused by reciprocating
component.
We cannot use variety of fuels.
Only gas or liquid fuel is used which
are comparatively expensive.
Slide Creator: Nainam Kapil 1344886
Applications: I.C.E. are used in:

Automobiles

Two-wheelers
Cars

Trucks
Slide Creator: Nainam Kapil 1344886
Aircraft/Jet Engines

Slide Creator: Nainam Kapil 1344886

Motor - Boats

Slide Creator: Nainam Kapil 1344886

THANK YOU!

Slide Creator: Nainam Kapil 1344886