INSPEKSI

Symmetry/ asymmetry
Deformity
Torticolis
Hematoma
 PALPATION

STEPS ONE STEPS TWO

Tenderness Palpate the lateral

Tumor mass aspects of the
vertebra
 STEPS THREE STEPS FOUR

Continue palpation into the Examine the anterior aspect

supraclavicular fossa of the neck
 MOVEMENT

STEPS ONE STEPS TWO

Flexion Extension
Ask the patient to bend Ask the patient to till the
the head forward head backward
 STEPS THREE STEPS FOUR

Using a spatula in the Ask the patient to extend

clenched teeth as a the head. Normal range =
pointer. Then ask the 50
patient to flex the head
forward. Normal range = The total range in the flexion and extension
80 planes should be assessed. Normal range =
130
 STEPS FIVE STEPS SIX

Lateral flexion Laterral flexion

Ask the patient to tilt his For accurancy, using a
head on to his right spatula as a pointer.
shoulder Normal range = 45
 STEPS SEVEN STEPS EIGHT

If lateral flexion cannot Rotation

be carried out without Ask to ptient to look over
forward flexion, this is the shoulder.
indicative of pathology
involving the atlantoaxial
and atlanto-occipital
joints.
STEPS NINE

Rotation
Again a spatula use a
pointer. Normal range =
80