Sexually

Transmitted
Diseases
Presented by the Oklahoma State
Department of Health
 What is an STD?
an infection that can be transmitted through sexual
contact with an infected individual. They are sometimes
called sexually transmitted infections (STIs).1

STDs can be transmitted many different ways,

but most can be passed by:

Vaginal sex
Anal sex
Oral sex
Skin-to-skin contact
Infected Mother to child
 Why Is This Important?
Often no signs or symptoms

20 million new infections every

year in the United States.2
People are unaware of infection, and
dont receive treatment.

More than 1/2 of all people

Long-term damage
will have an STD at some
point in their lifetime.3

May have passed infection to others

 Why is this Important
TO YOU?
Young people are heavily affected by
STDs.

Youth & Chlamydia in Youth & Gonorrhea in

the U.S. (2013) 4 the U.S. (2013)5

15-19
22% yrs.
33% 28% 15-19 yrs. 44% 20-24
20-24 yrs. yrs.
Other 34% Other
39%
Myth or Fact?
1. You cant get an STD from oral sex.6

2. Sexually active people aged 15-24 years are at

higher risk of acquiring STDs.
3

3. Birth control protects against pregnancy and

STDs.7

4. Once youve had an STD, you cant get it again. 8

5. Anal sex has a higher risk of spreading STDs than

many other types of sexual activity. 9

6. Only gay and bisexual men get STDs. 10

7. Abstinence is the only method of contraception

that is 100% risk-free.
11
Myth or Fact?
8. You cant get an STD if your partner is a virgin. 12

9. Only trashy people get STDs. 8

10. You cant have two STDs at once. 6

11. You can get an STD from a toilet seat. 13

12. Women are considered at higher risk for STDs

than men. 14

13. Lesbians cant get STDs. 15

14. If my partner has an STD, Ill see it. 8

 Are STDs curable?
Curable Not Curable
Antibiotics can cure Treatment can
bacterial STDs: improve the lives of
many people living
with viral STDs:

Chlamydia HIV
Gonorrhea* Herpes
Syphilis HPV
Trichomoniasis Hepatitis B
Antibiotics can cure
bacterial STDs

but not always the

long-term damage.
 Chlamydia
Most frequently reported STD in
U.S.
2.86 million cases per year 16

Could fill the OU Football Stadium 35x!

How is it spread?
1. Vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who
has chlamydia.
2. Infected pregnant women can pass it to their
baby during pregnancy or childbirth. 17
Chlamydia Usually NO
SYMPTOMS!!!

Female Male
Symptoms: Symptoms:
Abnormal vaginal discharge Discharge from the penis
Burning sensation when urinating Burning sensation when
urinating
Pain & swelling in one or both
Can lead to: testicles (less common)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
(PID) Can lead to:
-Abdominal & pelvic pain Infection spreads to tube that
-Long-term pelvic pain carries sperm from the testicles
-inability to get pregnant -Pain
-ectopic pregnancy -Fever
Inability to have children
(rare)
ChlamydiaRates by Age and Sex, United States,
2012 18
 Gonorrhea
In the U.S.
2nd most common disease that is required
to be reported 14

718,000 new cases per year 14

Hows It Spread?
1. Vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who has
gonorrhea19

2. A pregnant woman infected with gonorrhea can give

the infection to her baby during childbirth.
19
 Gonorrhea 19

Female Male
Symptoms: Symptoms:
Painful or burning sensation when Burning sensation when urinating
urinating A white, yellow, or green discharge
Increased vaginal discharge from the penis
Vaginal bleeding between periods Painful or swollen testicles (less
common)
Can lead to:
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Can lead to:
-Formation of scar tissue Painful condition in the tubes
that blocks fallopian tubes attached to the testicles.
-Ectopic pregnancy -Inability to have children
-Inability to get pregnant (rare)
-Long-term -Sterile
pelvic/abdominal pain
Gonorrhea Rates of Reported Cases by Age and
Sex, United States, 2013
 Syphilis
The Great Imitator 20

affects approximately 32,000 people each year in

the U.S. 14

How is Syphilis Spread?

Direct contact with a syphilis sore (chancre) during
vaginal, anal, or oral sex. 20

Can be spread from an infected mother to her unborn

baby.
20

Primary Secondary Latent/Late

Syphilis Syphilis Syphilis
Primary Syphilis

Chancre (sha-kr) the syphilis sore

Appears within 2-6 weeks after exposure
(could take up to 3 months)
Firm, round, and painless
Typically disappear after a few weeks without treatment
(still progresses to next stage)
Primary Syphilis
Secondary Syphilis

Rash:
Can develop anywhere on the body
Usually rough, red or reddish brown spots when on palms
of the hands and/or the bottoms of the feet
Non-itchy
Usually appears 4 weeks after chancre heals21

Will go away without treatment, but infection will progress

to next stage of syphilis. 20
 Primary and Secondary SyphilisRates of
Reported Cases by Age and Sex, United States,
2013
Latent Syphilis 20

The period when there are no signs/symptoms but syphilis is still

present in the body

If left untreated, you can continue to have syphilis in your body

for years without any signs or symptoms.
Neurosyphilis Syphilis 20

Usually occurs during late syphilis but can occur at

anytime during the infection

Symptoms:
Difficulty coordinating muscle movements
Paralysis (not able to move certain parts of your body)
Numbness
Blindness
Dementia (mental disorder)
Damage to internal organs
Can result in death

More likely to occur early in the disease process if HIV infection is

also present.
Late (Tertiary) Syphilis 20

Typically Occurs 10-30 years after infection begins.

Can damage almost any part of the body including

the heart, brain, spinal cord, eyes and bones
Can result in mental illness, blindness, deafness,
heart disease and death
Gummas

Types
Cardiovascular syphilis
Late benign syphilis
 Passed during sex
Trichomoniasis 22 70% of infected people
have no signs/symptoms.

Female Male
Symptoms: Symptoms:
Itching, burning, redness or Itching or irritation inside the
soreness of the genitals penis
Discomfort with urination Burning after urination or
Thin discharge (can be clear, ejaculation
white, yellowish, or greenish) Some discharge from the penis
with an unusual smell

Infection usually occurs: Infection usually occurs:

Lower genital tract: vulva, Inside of the penis (urethra)
vagina, or urethra

Complication: can increase the risk of getting or spreading other sexually

transmitted infections.
 Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease (PID) 23

A serious infection that affects a womans reproductive organs.

Often caused by untreated STDs, like chlamydia and gonorrhea.

No tests for PID

May experience mild or no symptoms

Symptoms may be:

Pain in your lower abdomen
Fever
An unusual discharge with a bad odor from your vagina
Pain and/or bleeding when you have sex
Burning sensation when you urinate
Bleeding between periods
 Pelvic Inflammatory
Disease (PID) 23

PID can be cured if caught early.

However, treatment wont undo any damage that has already

happened to your reproductive system.

Some complications of PID are:

Formation of scar tissue both outside and inside the fallopian tubes
that can lead to tubal blockage
Ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the womb)
Infertility (inability to get pregnant)
Long-term pelvic/abdominal pain
 Genital Herpes
an STD caused by two types of viruses 23

The viruses are called herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1)

and herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2).23

NO CURE 14

1 in 6 people aged 14-49 have genital herpes 23

 Genital Herpes 23

How is Herpes Spread?

Vaginal, oral, or anal sex with someone who has the disease.

Usually NO or very mild symptoms.

Symptoms:
1. One or more blisters on or around the genitals, rectum, or mouth.
2. The blisters break and leave painful sores that may take weeks to
heal.
These symptoms are sometimes called having an outbreak.

Most people who have herpes do not know it!

 Human Papillomavirus
(HPV) 24

How is HPV transmitted?

Vaginal sex
Anal sex
Oral sex
(Vaginal & anal most common)

HPV is VERY common.

Most sexually-active men and women will get at least one
type of HPV at some point in their lives.
 Health Problems
Caused by HPV 24

Most people with HPV do not know they are infected

and never develop symptoms or health problems from
it.

There is no treatment for the virus itself. However, there are

treatments for the health problems that HPV can cause:

1. Genital warts
2. Cervical pre-cancer
3. Other HPV-related cancers
 Hepatitis 25

The most common types of viral hepatitis are:

Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C

Hepatitis means inflammation of the liver.

How is Hepatitis spread?

Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C
when a person when blood, semen, when blood from a
ingests fecal matter or other body fluids person infected with
even in very small from a person the virus - even in
amountsfrom infected with the very small amounts -
contact with objects, virus - even in very enters the body of
food, or drinks small amounts - someone who is not
contaminated by enters the body of infected.
feces from an someone who is not
infected person. infected.
 Hepatitis 25

How long does Hepatitis last?

Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C
A few weeks - several Mild illness (a few Mild illness (a few
months weeks) Life long or weeks) life-long
chronic condition

How serious is it?

 HIV AIDS
Human Acquired
Immuno
Immunodeficiency
Deficiency
Virus
Syndrome

HIV is a virus spread through AIDS is a late stage of the

body fluids that affects
specific cells of the immune
system, called CD4 cells, or T
cells. 26
HIV infection
Once diagnosed, body has
hard time fighting disease
and certain cancers.
NO cure for AIDS, but
there is treatment
 How is HIV Spread?
HIV is passed from person to person through
the exchange of bodily fluids.

3 Main Ways:
1. Unprotected sex with people living
with HIV (vaginal, oral, or anal)
2. Blood to blood contact
3. Exposure to HIV before or during birth
or through breastfeeding 27
 HIV
Flu-like symptoms (if any) about 2-4 weeks after exposure:
Fever
Enlarged lymph nodes
Sore throat
Rash26

What Fluids Transmit HIV Can Enter The

HIV? 28 Body Through:
Blood
Vaginal Fluids
Semen
Breast Milk
Reducing your risk of
STDs
No Risk
Abstinence (sex): not having oral,
vaginal or anal sex
No genital contact:
Mutual monogamy between non-infected
partners

Reduced Risk
Protected Sex: Correct and consistent
use of condoms/barriers
29

Fewer sexual partners

Regular STD testing
 Male Condoms
More than 98% effective when used
correctly and consistently

Different kinds: 30

Latex
Polyurethane (Non-Latex)
Lambskin 31
 Dos and Donts of
male condom use
Dos
DO keep condoms in a cool,
dry place
DO put the condom on an
erect (hard) penis before any
genital contact
DO hold the condom in place
at the base of the penis
before withdrawing (pulling
out) after sex
DO throw the condom away
after its been used
DO use water-based
lubrication (vaginal sex) or
silicone-based (anal sex)
32
Donts
DONT use expired condoms.
DONT unroll the condom before
putting it on the penis
DONT leave condoms in hot
places (wallet, car, etc.)
DONT use oil-based products
(baby or cooking oils, hand
lotion, Vaseline, etc.) as
lubricants with latex condoms
DONT use your fingernails or
teeth while opening the condom
wrapper.
DONT reuse a condom
DONT use more than one
condom at a time
 More Protection

Female Condoms 33 Dental Dams 34

Worn inside the vagina or Used for oral sex

anus Could make your own dental
Thicker, more tear-resistant dam
Always latex-free
Wider opening covers more
pelvic area
 STD Testing
HIV: 35
Syphilis:36
Everyone aged 15 through 64 should get tested Get tested for syphilis if you:
at least once. Are pregnant
People who have occasional exposure to HIV Are a man who has sex with men
risks = at least once a year Have sex for drugs or money
People who are at high risk for HIV infection = You have HIV or another STD
3-6 months. Youve had sex with someone who tested positive for
syphilis

Chlamydia & Gonorrhea: 37

For women:
If you are age 24 or younger and having sex = once every year
If you are age 25 or older = if you have more than one sex partner or a new
sex partner.
If you have had sex with someone who tested positive for chlamydia or
gonorrhea.
For men:
Talk with a doctor about getting tested if you have had sex with someone who
tested positive for chlamydia or gonorrhea.
 Where To Get Tested
https://gettested.cdc.gov/

https://www.stdcheck.com/std-test-center.php

www.gytnow.org

County Health Departments

(http://www.ok.gov/health/Disease,_Prevention,_Prepar
edness/HIV_STD_Service/STD_HIV_Testing_Locations/)

Planned Parenthood
(http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-center)
All sexually active people are
at risk for STDs
 Resources
1. http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-an-STD-(Sexually-Transmitted-Disease).aspx
2. http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/STI-Estimates-Fact-Sheet-Feb-2013.pdf
3. http://www.ashasexualhealth.org/stdsstis/statistics/
4. http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats13/tables/10.htm
5. http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats13/tables/21.htm
6. http://knowyo.org/the-myths/std-myths/
7. http://kidshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/contraception/contraception_birth.html#
8. http://kidshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/stds/std_myths.html#
9. http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/STIs/Pages/Sexualactivitiesandrisk.aspx
10. http://www.cdc.gov/std/life-stages-populations/stdfact-msm.htm
11. http://kidshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/contraception/abstinence.html
12. http://www.iwannaknow.org/teens/myths_facts/overview.html
13. http://www.abc.net.au/health/talkinghealth/factbuster/stories/2011/05/12/3212346.htm
14. http://www.rhtp.org/std/types.asp
15. http://www.ncsddc.org/blog/std-awareness-lgbtq-youth
16. http://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia-detailed.htm
17. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/stds/conditioninfo/Pages/types.aspx
18. http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats12/slides.htm
19. http://www.cdc.gov/std/Gonorrhea/STDFact-gonorrhea.htm
20. http://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/STDFact-Syphilis.htm
21. http://www.cdc.gov/std/training/std101/presentations-2014/std-101-common-clinicians-2014.pdf
22. http://www.cdc.gov/std/trichomonas/stdfact-trichomoniasis.htm
23. http://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/stdfact-herpes.htm
24. http://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm
 Resources
25. http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/abc/index.htm
26. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatIshiv.html
27. https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/education-materials/fact-sheets/20/50/preventing-mother-to-child-transmission-of-hiv
28. https://aids.gov/hiv-aids-basics/hiv-aids-101/how-you-get-hiv-aids/
29. http://www.cdc.gov/condomeffectiveness/brief.html
30. . http://www.avert.org/condom-use-types-sizes.htm
31. http:///advocatesaz.org/2012/05/02/allergic-to-latex-you-can-still-have-safer-sex
32. http://www.ashasexualhealth.org/sexual-health/all-about-condoms/
33. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/female-condom
34. http://www.nakedtruth.idaho.gov/dental-dams.aspx
35. https://www.ghc.org/healthAndWellness/?item=/common/healthAndWellness/conditions/std/hivTests.html
36. http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/Category/health-conditions-and-diseases/hiv-and-other-stds/syphilis-testing-
questions-for-the-doctor
37. http://healthfinder.gov/HealthTopics/Category/health-conditions-and-diseases/hiv-and-other-stds/get-tested-for-
chlamydia-and-gonorrhea#the-basics_2
https://www.optionsforsexualhealth.org/sexual-health/sexually-transmitted-infections/transmission
http://www.rhtp.org/std/types.asp
http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/docs/STD-Trends-508.pdf
http://www.iowartl.org/get-the-facts/sexually-transmitted-diseases-stds/
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs400/en/
http://www.cdc.gov/std/training/std101/home.htm
http://kidshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/stds/std.html#