Australia

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 Australia
Australia is officially called the Commonwealth of Australia.

Due to its large size and isolation from the rest of the world, Australia is
sometimes known as the island continent.

A desert area known as the outback covers much of the land.

The name Australia comes from the Latin word australis, meaning southern.

It is estimated the humans have lived in Australia for around 45000 years.

Australia hosted the 1956 (Melbourne) and 2000 (Sydney) Summer Olympics.

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 Flag of Australia

Aboriginal Flag

Anthem
Coat of Arms of Australia Advance Australia Fair
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 Australian Dollars
The currency of the Australia is the Australian Dollar.
It is also the currency of the Australian Territories Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island,
as well as the independent Pacific Island states of Kiribati, Nauru and Tuvalu.
It is printed in bills in five denominations:
$5, $10, $20, $50, and $100.

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 Australian Dollars
Queen Elizabeth Parliament House
Reigning Monarch Canberra

Banjo Patterson Mary Gilmore

Writer of Waltzing Australian Poet
Matilda

Mary Reibey John Flynn

Former British Convict Founder of the
& Businesswoman Flying Doctors

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 Australian Dollars

David Unaipon Edith Cowan

Aboriginal Writer & Inventor First Female elected to Parliament

Dame Nellie Melba Sir John Monash

Opera Singer Military Commander in WWI

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 Australian Cents

Feathertail Glider Frill-necked Lizard Echidna / Spiny Anteater Superb Lyrebird

Platypus Coat of Arms Kangaroos Aboriginal Elder

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Native Animals of Australia

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 Australia
Geographical Facts
Longest River:
River Murray 2,508km

Tallest Mountain:
Mawson Peak 2,745m (on Heard Island)
Mount Kosciuszko 2,228m (Mainland)

Largest Desert:
Great Victoria Desert

Largest Lake:
Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre in the desert fills with
rain water only a few times in a century.
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 Australia

Population: 24m

Australia has;
6 States,
3 Mainland Territories and
7 External Territories.

Capital City: Canberra

Largest City: Sydney

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Australian States and Territories
Australia has 6 States;
New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia,
Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia

3 Mainland Territories
Australian Capital Territory, Jervis Bay Territory, Northern Territory

7 External Territories
Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Australian Antarctic Territory,
Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Coral Sea Islands,
Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Norfolk Island

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 New South Wales (NSW) Nicknames:
The First State
Capital City: Sydney
The Premier State
Population: 7.5m

Sydney Opera House opened in 1973. It

is one of the 20th century's most Bondi Beach is one of Australias
distinctive buildings. Sydney Harbour most visited beaches.
Bridge is in the background.

The Three Sisters rock formation

towers 900m above the Blue
Mountains National Park
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 Queensland (QLD) Nicknames:
The Sunshine State
Capital City: Brisbane
Population: 4.7m
The international airline Qantas
(Queensland and Northern Territory Aerial
Services) was established in 1920.

Waltzing Matilda by Banjo

Patterson was first sung
publicly in Queensland in 1895.

The Great Barrier is a really large structure is composed of and

built by billions of tiny organisms, known as coral polyps. The
reef is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland.
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 South Australia (SA) Nicknames:
The Festival State
Capital City: Adelaide
The Wine State
Population: 1.7m
Coober Pedy in South Australia is
famous for producing high quality
Opal Gemstones, most notably
The Virgin Rainbow.

South Australia produces half of Australias wine.

All Holden Cars are

manufactured in
Elizabeth, South Australia.
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 Tasmania (TA) Nicknames:
The Island of Inspiration
Capital City: Hobart
The Apple Isle
Population: 0.5m
Holiday Isle
The Tasmanian Devil is the largest carnivorous
marsupial since the Tasmanian Tiger became The Tasmanian Tiger
extinct. A marsupial carries its young in a pouch. became extinct in 1936.

Tasmania is named after Dutch explorer Abel Tasman, who made the first
reported European sighting of the island in 1642. The island was named
Van Diemen's Land after the Governor of the Dutch East Indies. It was
renamed Tasmania in honour of its first European discoverer in 1856.
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 Victoria (VIC) Nicknames:
The Garden State
Capital City: Melbourne
Population: 5.8m
The Royal Flying Doctor Service
was set up in Victoria to
provide medical services for Infamous Irish-Australian Outlaw
those living in rural and Ned Kelly was born in Victoria.
remote areas of Australia.

The Twelve Apostles is a collection of limestone stacks off the shore by the
Great Ocean Road in Victoria. Currently there are eight apostles left, the
ninth one of the stacks collapsed 2005. See the difference above.
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 Western Australia (WA) Nicknames:
The Wildflower State
Capital City: Perth
The Golden State
Population: 2.5m

If WA were to be a country in its own right, it

would be in the worlds top 10 for size.
Perth is the most
isolated city in the
world, with its closest
city being Adelaide over
2,200 km away.
Lake Hillier is a salt lake on Middle
Island, off the south coast of Western
Australia. Its pink colour is due to the
amount of algae in the lake.

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 Northern Territory (NT) Nicknames:
The Territory
Capital City: Darwin
The Top End
Population: 0.2m

Between 1860 and 1907 tens of thousands of one hump camels were
imported into Australia to help people pioneer the harsh, dry conditions.
Today, around 200,000 wild camels roam the Northern Territory.

Uluru (also known as Ayers Rock) is a large sandstone rock formation in the
southern part of the Northern Territory. It is 450km from the nearest large
town, Alice Springs, by road. Uluru is sacred to the Aboriginal people.
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Australian Capital Nicknames:
The Nations Capital
Territory (ACT)
Capital City: Canberra
A view of the old Parliament (white)
Population: 0.3m with the new Parliament behind it.

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Jervis Bay Territory (JBT) Nicknames:
The Wildflower State
Capital City: none
The Golden State
Population: 377
The Jervis Bay Territory is a territory of the Commonwealth of Australia. It was
surrendered by the state of New South Wales to the Commonwealth Government
in 1915 so the federal capital at Canberra would have access to the sea.

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Australian Offshore Territories

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Ashmore & Cartier Islands (ACI)
Capital City: n/a
Population: 0
The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands is an uninhabited external territory
of Australia consisting of four low-lying tropical islands in two separate reefs.
NASA Satellite image
of Ashmore Reef

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 Australian Antarctic Territory (AAT)
Capital City: Davis Station
Population: less than 1,000

Davis Station is a permanent base in Antarctica managed by

the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD). It is the busiest
Australian scientific research station in Antarctica.

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 Christmas Island Captain William Mynors of the Royal Mary,
Capital City: Flying Fish Cove an English East India Company vessel,
Population: 2,072 named the island when he sailed past it on
Christmas Day, in 1643.

The Christmas Island Red Crab is native to Christmas Island. It is estimated that 30
million adult red crabs live on Christmas Island. Each year the all head to the sea to
breed. They even have their own bridge to help them safely cross the road.
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 Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Capital City: West Island
The territory consists of 2 atolls and
Population: 596 27 coral islands, of which two, West
Cocos refers to the abundant coconut trees, Island and Home Island, are inhabited
while Keeling refers to William Keeling, the
first European to sight the islands, in 1609.

Cocos (Keeling) Islands airport runway.

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 Coral Sea Islands The Coral Sea Islands Territory includes a group of small and mostly
uninhabited tropical islands and reefs in the Coral Sea, northeast
Capital City: none of Queensland, Australia. The only inhabited island is Willis Island. The
Population: 4 territory covers 780,000 km2 (301,160 sq mi), extending east and south from
the outer edge of the Great Barrier Reef, and includes Heralds Beacon
Island, Osprey Reef, the Willis Group, and fifteen other reef/island groups.

Willis Island is about 500m long by 150m wide, rising to about 9m above sea level.
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 Heard Island & McDonald Islands (HIMI)
Capital City: West Island
Population: 596
Heard Island and McDonald Islands are an Australian external territory and volcanic
group of barren Antarctic islands, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to
Antarctica. The group's overall size is 372km2 in area. They were discovered in the mid-
19th century, and they have been territories of Australia since 1947.

They contain the only two active volcanoes in Australian territory. The summit of
one, Mawson Peak, is higher than any mountain on the Australian mainland.
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 Norfolk Island
Capital City: Kingston
Population: 2,210
Norfolk Island was colonised by Great Britain as part of its settlement of Australia in
1788, at which point it was uninhabited. The island served as a convict penal
settlement until May 1855. In 1856, permanent civilian residence on the island began
when it was settled from Pitcairn Island. In 1901, the island became a part of Australia.

Norfolk Island Pine is the tree on the flag.

Here is one on Norfolk Island.
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