VALUES

- from the Latin word VALERE.

strong and vigorous

JOCANO (2000)
- concepts which we use as points of reference or
criteria for recognizing, expressing and evaluating social
realities in the environment in terms of:

desirability - quality
importance - merit
significance - price
worth - usefulness
 EDGAR SHEFIELD BRIGHTMAN
- whatever is actually likes, prized, esteemed,
desired, approved or enjoyed by anyone at any time.

ANDRES (1989)
- it is the actual experience of enjoying a desired
object or activity. Hence, value is an existing
realization of desire.
STANDARD VALUE
we decide on things depending on some valid criteria
that would provide credibility to pursue such action.

one is guided with his/her own or commonly accepted

norms in realizing a particular end.

its function to direct our way of looking at things

towards a desirable result.
VALUE SYSTEM
one of the important elements in Filipino culture.

basic personality
basic social unit
politics
economics
technology
ecology
Filipino values can be translated as:
Buti
- it is something desired of what is good.

Pamantayan
- standards which enable us to organize our ideas and interpret
our experiences within the context of commonly shared meaning of
things, events or actions.

Halaga
- worth, importance, evaluation or assessment.

Ganda
- encompassing everything that is to be pursued. What is
beautiful must be realized.
4 Tests of Value by Robin Williams
1. Extensive of the value in the total activity of the
system. What proportion of the population
manifests the value? How many of the people in the
community are applying?

2. Duration of the value. When was this value

implemented? Was it persistently important over a
period of time?
3. Intensity with which the value is sought or
maintained as shown through efforts, choices,
verbal affirmations and by reactions to threats to
the value.

4. Prestige of value carriers. Who are the

implementers of the value? Do they possess the
integrity to be such models of the value?
1. PRECONDITIONAL STAGE: CHILDHOOD
- is the phase wherein children comply with the
values of those who assert power on them (parents,
teachers, nuns, and priests).

2. THE CONVENTIONAL STAGE: YOUTH

- during the conventional stage or youth,
adolescence identify with their peers, idols and
teachers due to interpersonal communication.

3. POSTCONVENTIONAL STAGE: ADULTHOOD

- the people internalize the values they have
imbibed in the first two stages without fear.
 HALAGA represents the surface level of the
pamantayan system and functions as the cognitive-
evaluate core of the system.

ASAL is primarily a behavioral concept which refers to

the intrinsic quality and meaning of actions.

DIWA is the spiritual core of our traditional values

and the essence of our collective sentiments or psyche
as a people.
FAMILY CLOSENESS AND SECURITY
natural dependence and mutual sharing among
family members, financially and emotionally.

Filipinos have an extended family structure where

married sons and daughters remain under the roof of
their parents for protection.
 CLOSE-KNIT PHENOMENON is a binding element as
the threads of society are rewoven by giving
attention on what the individual experiences in
his/her capacity as a member of the community.

The family is seen as a defense against a

hostile world and a unit where one can
turn to in case he/she has a serious
problem (Panopio & Rolda, 2000).
SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE
- refers to the way of life of
Filipinos to be recognized or
acknowledged by their fellowmen
and social groups.

PAKIKISAMA
- is yielding to the will of the
majority or to the leader which
could result to both to positive and
negative behavior. It refers to ones
effort to get along with everybody.
Fr. Frank Lynch
- defined PAKIKISAMA as the ability to get
along with each others in such way as to avoid
signs of conflict. Camaraderie among Filipino
makes them flexible and easy to be with.

Pakikisama occurs when teenagers join their peer

groups in a drinking spree for fear of incurring
the groups disapproval.
 EUPHEMISM
- stating an unpleasant truth, opinion or request
as pleasantly as possible. In order not to offend others,
direct, harsh and brutal words must be avoided.
PAKIKIRAMDAM
- a value affecting the teams spirit.

PERSONALISM
- emphasizes the importance of the person
with whom one has immediate face-to-face contact over
the abstract rule of law or common good.
 pakiusap (request)
lagay o areglo (fixing)
palakasan (use of power and influence)
nepotism
favoritism

Friendship and Kinship

- play important roles in the reciprocal
relationship between parties.

Nepotism
- is the employment of relatives to share an
individuals good fortune.
 NONRATIONALISM
- refers to the tendency to perceive
thoughts, objects, events and persons as sacred.

ANIMISM
- is the belief that a spirit pervades in activities.

FATALISM
- expresses the bahala na attitude which means
leaving matters as they are because nature will take its
course.
It is believing that life depends on:
Swerte or buenas (good luck)
Tadhana (decried by fate)
Malas (bad luck)

BAHALA NA
- is an expression which
expresses that fatalistic outlook of
the Filipino. It happens when one
simply resigns to the consequences
of lifes difficulties.
Expressions which reflect bahala na
are:
iginuhit ng tadhana (decried by fate)
malas (bad luck)
swerte (good luck)
gulong ng palad (lifes ups and downs)
tsamba (undeserved success brought
about by luck)

In every positive way, bahala na is what

makes people move, take risks and plan
for the future (Panopio & Rolda, 2000).
 BAYANIHAN: TEAM
SPIRIT
- denotes camaraderie
among the people in the
community and connotes
helping one another in time
of need.
 UTANG NA LOOB: INFINITE
RESPONSIBILITY
- portrays our true
identity based on our concern and
response to others.

o Pagtanaw is the unending

gratitude but this is not enough
because the responsibility to others
does not end since pagpapakatao
has no limits, same with
pakikipagkapwa-tao.
 HOSPITALITY: A WELCOME
ATTITUDE
Bukas-Loob na Pagtanggap
- Filipinos open their
hearts to complete strangers and offer
them the best in their homes.
 2 Hospitable Attitudes
1. Tao Po? Tuloy!
(Is There Anybody Home? Welcome!)
- invites a down-to-earth encounter
between a stranger and a host.

- process of welcoming ones sense of being:

I am a person who knocks and wishes to be treated as
a person (tao poako); The host or hostess who
welcomes is also a person (tao rin ako tuloy!).
2. Puwede bang makisukob? Oo, ba!
(May I take cover? Of course!)
- denotes sharing something.

Puwede (May I) is a courteous word in packaging

of pleading and request.

Oo is the height of the encounter that shows as

acceptance of a person is no matter what he/she
looks like.

Puwede bang makisukob? Oo, ba! May be

interpreted in the Filipino ideal as PAKIKISAMA.
Hilario David
CULTURE simply rendered peoples lives meaningful.

It was a source of identity, of confidence and of self-

esteem.

It allows people to understand the world and to define

their places within it.

Culture permitted communities and generations to

share a common memory.
Filipinos are:
proud of being puspusang-loob.

Mapamaraan(resourceful) and mapanuklas (ingenous).

Part of their being resourceful is their use of ANTING-ANTING
(amulets and charms)

Filipinos know their competence (kilala ang kakayahan).

Kayang-kaya mo yan is the encouraging phrase of the

Filipinos to do their best through tiyaga.
 imbued with lakas ng loob (self-confidence or self
reliance).

In their desire for social acceptance, Filipinos are:

Marunong makibagay
Marunong makiisa
Marunong makilahok
Marunong makipagpalagayang loob
Marunong makisalamuha
Marunong makisangkot
Marunong makitungo
Marunong makisama
 Filipinos are likened to a bamboo which symbolizes
flexibility, endurance and harmony with nature.

Bahala na attitude should not be judged as a fatalistic

resignation or withdrawal from an engagement or
crisis but because of their kababaang-loob.

It is manifested by their daop-palad habit.

Their relationship with God is the source of their
malinis at tapat na panunungkulan.