ELC 400

SEMINAR 3
 Seminar plans
Seminar 1 Seminar 4
Listening skills : Basics Listening test (45 minutes)
Grammar Grammar test (30 minutes)
Parts of speech Revising summary & essay writing
Seminar 2 Seminar 5
Listening skills : Higher levels Summarising & Essay writing tests (40%)
Grammar
Tenses
SVA
Writing
Summary writing
Seminar 3
Grammar
Sentence patterns & revision
Writing
Essay writing
Listening revision
 ELC400
WEEK 14-CLASS D
 Todays plans
LISTENING TEST
Paraphrasing exercise
Essay writing
Grammar revision
GRAMMAR TEST
 LISTENING TEST
Focus
Trust your own ears and understanding
 Paraphrasing
To express the same thing in different words
Meaning must be exactly the same
The length can be a little less, similar, a little
more.
 WRITING

ESSAY WRITING
ESSAY WRITING

Steps:
Planning (5mins)

Writing
Introduction
Body (at least 3 paragraphs)
Conclusion

Editing/Proofreading (5mins)
 Planning
Choosing a topic/ interpreting the topic correctly

Brainstorm for ideas (listing, mind-mapping, wh-questions)

Selecting (read over your ideas and select only the important points
related to the topic).

Organising the points in a logical order.

-through headings (important main points)
-chronological order
-importance

Necessary at least 5 minutes before you start writing the essay.

 WRITING
Introduction_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________(Thesis statement)_

Body
B1_____________________(TS1)____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

B2_____________________(TS2)____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

B3____________________(TS3)_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________

Conclusion______________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________
 INTRODUCTION (3-5 sentences)
Introduction (general specific)

It must have a thesis statement

The ONE LAST sentence in an introduction that

explains what the essay is all about.

The central idea which will be discussed in the following

paragraphs (introduction).
 Planning + introduction
E.g. The negative effects of smoking

Points:
Lung cancer
Heart attack
A waste of money

Thesis Statement (The CENTRAL idea in an ESSAY)

You combine the specific topic + all points (in order)

Thesis statement (last sentence of intro)

Many Malaysians are not healthy. They suffer from a lot of diseases
that make their lives difficult. One of the causes of such diseases
comes from the act of smoking. This shows that smoking has a lot of
negative effects. The negative effects of smoking are it can cause lung
cancer and heart attack, and it is a waste of money.
 e.g. DISCUSS THE CAUSES OF THE INCREASING DIVORCE RATE IN
MALAYSIA AND THE WAYS WE CAN HELP YOUNG MARRIED COUPLES
WHO ARE FACING PROBLEMS

Examples of thesis statements (last sentence-intro):

Here are the causes of the increasing divorce rate in Malaysia and the steps we
can take to help problematic young married couples.

There are many reasons why divorce rate is increasing in Malaysia and there
are a lot of steps we can take to help young married couples.

There are many factors that affect the increasing number of divorce rate in
Malaysia and we can help young married couples in a lot of ways.

We need to examine the factors that contribute towards the increasing divorce
cases in our country and the ways we can help young married couples.

The causes of the increasing divorce rate in Malaysia are lack of religious
knowledge and lack of maturity and we can help young married couples
through campaigns and counselling.
 Task 1
Work in pairs.
Choose one topic from the following slide.
With your partner, brainstorm on the topic
chosen.
Then select only the important points related to
your topic.
Organise your points in a logical order.
Write your thesis statement.
 Task 1
1) The negative effects of Facebook.

Points (a) _________________

(b) _________________
(c) _________________

Thesis statement:
_______________________________________________________________
_________________________________

2) Ways to improve our English language skills.

Points (a) _________________

(b) _________________
(c) _________________

Thesis statement:
_______________________________________________________________
_________________________________
 Task 2
Now that you have your thesis statement, write your whole
introduction

Make sure:

It moves from general specific.

It must have a thesis statement as its last

sentence
 Ways to make your introduction
interesting
General Specific (Common)

Begin with a quotation

Begin with a rhetorical question.

Write a series of rhetorical questions before the thesis

statement.

Start with dialogues between people.

Start with an anecdote (short story related to your topic)

 TASK 3

Revise your introduction

Make it interesting (by using at least one of the styles learnt).

 Body (5-10 sentences)
1) Topic Sentence (The CENTRAL idea in a PARAGRAPH)
Combine the specific topic + one point
BODY 1: One of the negative effects of smoking is it can cause lung cancer.

BODY 2: Another negative effect of smoking is it may lead to a heart attack.

BODY 3: Wasting money is one of the negative effects of smoking.

2) Supporting details
Explanations
Description
Example

3) Concluding sentence
Therefore, it is clear that lung cancer is one of the negative effects of
smoking.
3) Concluding markers

Therefore, it is clear that lung cancer is one of the negative effects of

smoking.

In short, lung cancer is one of the negative effects of smoking.

Hence, lung cancer is one of the negative effects of smoking.
Thus, lung cancer is one of the negative effects of smoking.
This shows that lung cancer is one of the negative effects of
smoking.
It is clear, therefore, that lung cancer is one of the negative effects
of smoking.
Clearly, lung cancer is one of the negative effects of smoking.
For all the above reasons, lung cancer is clearly one of the negative
effects of smoking.
Ergo, lung cancer is apparently one of the negative effects of
smoking.
 CONCLUSION (3-5 sentences)
Sum up all the points you have included

Dont put new ideas or examples anymore.

Put concluding markers:

In conclusion,
In short,
To conclude,
In a nutshell,
In summary,
To sum up,
All in all,
 How to make your conclusion interesting
You need to leave a lasting impression. How??

Summarise all points included in the body (common)

End by giving a suggestion/suggestions

End by writing one rhetorical question/ a series of

rhetorical question.

End with a quotation.

End by relating back to the anecdote written in the

introduction.
 REVISING, EDITING &
PROOFREADING
Check for content, organization of ideas, logic of
ideas, sufficient??

Correct any spelling mistakes, grammatical mistakes,

sentence structure mistakes, etc.

Re-read your own essay.

Let someone else read your essay.

Necessary At least 5 minutes before you submit

your essay.

NEVER submit an un-checked work!

 Task 4
Write the body of the paragraph (at least 3 paragraphs)

In each paragraph, you must have:

Topic sentence + supporting details +concluding sentence

Write an interesting conclusion

Sum up all your points

Use at least one of the styles learnt to make it IMPACTFUL.

 Write the body of the paragraph (any ONE
paragraph only)

In each paragraph, you must have:

Topic sentence + supporting details

+concluding sentence
 Grammar revision
Parts of Speech
Tenses
Subject-verb agreement
Sentence patterns
 GRAMMAR

SENTENCE PATTERNS
 SENTENCE PATTERNS
5 Basic Sentence Patterns
Subject + Verb
I swim. Joe swims. They swam.
Subject + Verb + Object
I drive a car. Joe plays the guitar. They ate dinner.
Subject + Verb + Complement
I am busy. Joe became a doctor. They look sick.
Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object
I gave her a gift. She teaches us English.
Subject + Verb + Object + Complement
I left the door open. We elected him president. They named her Jane.