Photosynthesis,

Respiration, &
Transpiration
 What is Photosynthesis?

The process of photosynthesis is a

chemical reaction.

It is the most important

chemical reaction on our planet.
What is the Equation for the
Chemical Reaction of
Photosynthesis?
What is the equation for the
chemical reaction of
photosynthesis?
Describe Photosynthesis
 Describe Photosynthesis
The process of changing light energy to
chemical energy
Energy stored as sugar
Occurs in plants
Plants need light energy, CO2, and H2O
Takes place in the chloroplasts, using
chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants
 Photosynthesis
Energy

Glucose

Carbon
Dioxide Chloroplast

Oxygen

Water

Materials In Products Out

Photosynthesis
What happens during
photosynthesis?
 What happens during
photosynthesis?
Plants capture light energy and use that
energy to make glucose

Sunlight provides the energy needed by

chlorophyll to change molecules of carbon
dioxide and water into glucose

Oxygen is also released in this reaction

 What happens during
photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through holes
called stomata
CO2 combines with the stored energy in the
chloroplasts through a chemical reaction to
make glucose
The sugar is moved through tubes in the leaf to
the roots, stems and fruits of the plants
Some of the sugar is used right away by the
plant for energy; some is stored as starch; and
some is built into plant tissue
Why is this important to us?
 Why is this important to us?

The oxygen released during photosynthesis

is necessary for all living things.

We cannot make our own food (glucose,

energy), we must get our food from plants.

Plants are the first step in the food chain.

What is Cellular Respiration?

The release of chemical energy for use by

cells.
What is Cellular Respiration?
Once the energy that was in sunlight is
changed into chemical energy by
photosynthesis, an organism has to
transform the chemical energy into a form
that can be used by the organism.

This process is cellular respiration.

Describe Cellular Respiration
 Describe Cellular Respiration
Glucose and other sugars are cell food. They
are the power source for cell activities in
almost all living things.
Cellular Respiration is the breakdown of
glucose molecules to release energy
The starting materials are sugar (glucose)
and oxygen
Takes place in the Mitochondria of cells.
Is a step by step process
All living things do cellular respiration.
What happens during Cellular
Respiration?
 What happens during Cellular
Respiration?
Glucose is broken down into smaller molecules.
These smaller molecules go into the Mitochondria
along with oxygen and get broken down even
further.
Cellular Formula:
Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + ATP
Along the way, stored energy called ATP is
produced directly in the reactions that transform
glucose.
 Cellular Respiration
Water

Glucose

Carbon
Mitochondria Dioxide

Oxygen

Energy

Materials In Products Out

The Relationship
RESPIRATION
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Chloroplasts Mitochondria
Where?

In the presence of light All the time

When?

Carbon dioxide and Glucose and oxygen

Input water

Glucose and oxygen Carbon dioxide and

Output water

Energy
Chemical bonds
sources Light

Energy result Energy stored

Energy released
What is Transpiration?
 What is Transpiration?

Transpiration is the process by which

moisture is carried through plants from
roots to small pores on the underside of
leaves.
What Happens During
Transpiration?
 What Happens During
Transpiration?
Water changes to vapor and is released to
the atmosphere.

Transpiration occurs through the stomata

and can be thought of as a necessary
"cost" for photosynthesis.
Describe Transpiration
 Describe Transpiration
Transpiration is essentially evaporation of
water from plant leaves.
About 10 percent of the moisture found in
the atmosphere is released by plants
through transpiration.
Plant transpiration is an invisible process,
since the water is evaporating from the
leaf surfaces, you don't just go out and see
the leaves "sweating".
 Rate of Transpiration
Factors that affect transpiration rate
Factor Description Explanation
Light In bright light The stomata (openings in the leaf) open wider to
transpiration increases allow more carbon dioxide into the leaf for
photosynthesis

Temperature Transpiration is faster in Evaporation and diffusion are faster at higher

higher temperatures temperatures

Wind Transpiration is faster in Water vapour is removed quickly by air movement,

windy conditions speeding up diffusion of more water vapour out of
the leaf

Humidity Transpiration is slower in Diffusion of water vapour out of the leaf slows down
humid conditions if the leaf is already surrounded by moist air
 Vocabulary
Photosynthesis: The process of changing
light energy to chemical energy that
occurs in plants
Chloroplast: Cells where photosynthesis
takes place. Only found in plants.
Chlorophyll: Green pigment in plants
Glucose: A simple sugar
Stomata: Tiny opening or pore use to for
gas exchange
 Vocabulary
Cellular respiration: The process of transforming
chemical energy into a form that can be used by
the organism.
Mitochondria: Organelles (parts of a cell) where
cellular respiration takes place.
ATP: Adenosine triphosphate. A type of energy
used by living things
Transpiration: The process by which moisture is
carried through plants from roots to small pores
on the underside of leaves.