SISTEM SARAF

Oleh :
Aguslina Kirtishanti
Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Surabaya
 NERVOUS SYSTEM

CNS PNS

Brain Spinal Cord

Cranial nerve Spinal nerve

functional

Sensory-Somatic Autonomic Nervous

Nervous System System

Sympathetic Parasympathetic
Nervous System Nervous System
PEMBAGIAN SISTEM SARAF
1.Central Nervous System(CNS)
* Brain
* Spinal Cord
2.Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
* Sensory-Somatic Nervous System :
cranial nerve & spinal nerve
* Autonomic Nervous System :
sympathetic & parasympathetic nervous
system
 STRUKTUR JARINGAN SARAF
JARINGAN SARAF TERSUSUN DARI 2 TIPE
SEL YAITU :
1. NEUROGLIA (CNS) :
- Astrocytes
- Microgial
- Ependymal
- Oligodendrocytes
NEUROGLIA (PNS) :
- Satellite cells
- Schwann cells
 LANJUTAN
2. NEURONS (SEL SARAF):
* Dendrites
* Cell Body
* Axons : bermielin & tidak
bermielin
* Terminal buttons/axon
NEURON
SEL SARAF MEMPUNYAI 2 FUNGSI
UTAMA :
1. IRRITABILITY :
KEMAMPUAN MERESPON STIMULUS &
MENGUBAHNYA MENJADI IMPULS LISTRIK

2. CONDUCTIVITY:
KEMAMPUAN MEMINDAHKAN IMPULS
LISTRIK KE SEL SARAF YANG LAIN ATAU
KE OTOT DAN KELENJAR
 IRRITABILITY
STIMULUS YANG DATANG HARUS
DIUBAH MENJADI IMPULS LISTRIK
MELALUI PROSES POTENSIAL AKSI

PROSES POTENSIAL AKSI

MELIBATKAN PERISTIWA-PERISTIWA :
RESTING POTENTIAL, DEPOLARISASI,
REPOLARISASI
 CONDUCTIVITY
POTENSIAL AKSI DIHANTARKAN MELALUI
AKSON
HANTARAN POTENSIAL AKSI MEMPUNYAI
HUKUM : ALL OR NONE
PADA AKSON YANG BERMIELIN: POTENSIAL
AKSI BERJALAN DARI NODUS RANVIER
YANG SATU KE NODUS YANG LAIN =
SALTATORY CONDUCTION
PADA AKSON YANG TIDAK BERMIELIN :
POTENSIAL AKSI BERJALAN SEPANJANG
AKSON.
SALTATORY CONDUCTION
KOMUNIKASI ANTAR SARAF
The Human Central Nervous System
The central nervous system is made up of the :
Brain
Spinal cord
The Brain
Receives sensory input from the spinal cord as
well as from its own nerves (e.g. olfactory and
optic nerves)
Devotes most of its volume to processing its
various sensory inputs and initiating appropriate-
and coordinated-motor outputs.
The Spinal Cord
Conducts sensory information from the
PNS to the brain
Conducts motor information from the brain
to our various effectors : skeletal muscles,
cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and
glands
Serves as a minor reflex center
 White Matter vs Gray Matter

Both the spinal cord and the brain consist of

White matter = bundles of axons each coated
with a sheath of myelin
Gray matter = masses of the cell bodies and
dendrites-each covered with synapses.
In the spinal cord, the white matter is at the
surface, the gray matter inside.
In the brain of mammals, this pattern is reversed.
 The Meninges
Both the spinal cord and brain are covered in three
continuous sheets of connective tissue, the
meninges.
From outside in, these are the :
1. Duramater
2. The arachnoid
3. The pia mater
The region between the arachnoid and pia mater is
filled with cerebospinal fluid (CSF).
CSF through the central cerebrospinal canal of
the spinal cord and through an interconnected
system of four ventricles in the brain.
 The Human Brain

1. Cerebral hemispheres
2. Diencephalon
3. Brain stem
4. Cerebellum
ANATOMI UMUM OTAK
1. CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
* FRONTAL LOBE
* PARIETAL LOBE
* OCCIPITAL LOBE
* TEMPORAL LOBE
LANJUTAN
2. DIENCEPHALON
* THALAMUS
* HYPOTHALAMUS
* EPITHALAMUS
3. BRAIN STEM
* MIDBRAIN
* PONS
* MEDULLA OBLONGATA
4. CEREBELLUM
The Spinal Cord

1. CERVICAL = C1 C8
2. THORACIC = T1 T12
3. LUMBAR = L1 L5
4. SACRAL = S1 S5
ANATOMI SPINAL CORD
 PERIPHERAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM
(PNS)

Berdasarkan anatomi :
1. NERVES :
* CRANIAL NERVES
* SPINAL NERVES

2. GANGLIA
 PNS
Berdasarkan fisiologi :
A. SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. ORGAN EFEKTOR : OTOT
SKELETAL
2. NEUROTRANSMITTER : Ach
3. TIDAK ADA PREGANGLION DAN
POSTGANGLION
 LANJUTAN
B. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. ORGAN EFEKTOR : OTOT
POLOS, OTOT JANTUNG DAN
KELENJAR
2. NEUROTRANSMITTER : Ach,
EPINEPRIN DAN NOREPINEPRIN
3. ADA PREGANGLION DAN
POSTGANGLION
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

TERBAGI MENJADI 2 BAGIAN

YAITU :
1. SARAF PARASIMPATIS
2. SARAF SIMPATIS
SOMATIC AND AUTONOMIC
NERVOUS SYSTEM
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
 The Sympathetic Nervous System
The release of noradrenaline/norepinephrine (NE)
due to :
Stimulates heartbeat
Raises blood pressure
Dilates the pupils
Dilates the trachea and bronchi
Stimulates the conversion of liver glycogen into
glucose
Shunts blood away from the skin and viscera
to the skeletal muscles, brain, and heart
Inhibits peristalsis in the GI tract
Inhibits contraction of the bladder and rectum
 The Parasympathetic Nervous
System
Parasympathetic stimulation causes :
Slowing down of the heartbeat
Lowering of blood pressure
Constriction of the pupils
Increased blood flow to the skin and
viscera
Peristalsis of the GI tract
Reseptor adrenergik adalah : dan
Reseptor kolinergik adalah : muskarinik dan
nikotinik
SIMPATIS
PARASIMPATIS
Byebye.

See you next week