DNA –based semiconductor devices

Presented by
Mohammad Honarparvar
Msc. Student of Sahand University of Technology

Tuesday, December 07, 1

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STEP BY STEP

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 OUTLINE
Introduction to nanotechnology
applications in scientific domain
applications in human life
breakdown of nanotechnology in practical domain
construction methodologies in nanoscale
tools for nanotechnology
dimensions of material in nanoscale
significant material in nanoelectronics

Nanoelectronics

DNA-electronics
electrical properties

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 WHO WAS STARTER OF NANOTECHNOLOGY?

Rechard Feynman
U.S. physicist ,
Specialist of quantum theory,
and winner of nobel prize (1965)

He started his lecture with this sentence:

“there are more space undrerneath”

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APPLICATIONS IN SCIENTIFIC DOMAIN

Nano science
Nano
biotechnology

Nano
computation

Nano chemistry

Nano
technology

Nano
physics

Nano
material
Nano
electronics 5
APPLICATIONS IN HUMAN LIFE
Surgery and
Metals
Energy Loom
electronic medicineElectronic
devices warfare
ceramics Agriculture
etc.
Nano
technology

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 BREAKDOWN OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN PRACTICAL DOMAIN

 Wet nanotechnology

 Dry nanotechnology

 Computation
nanotechnology

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WHAT DOSE WET NANOTHECNOLOGY DISCUSS ABOUT?

 Biological systems
 Cell curtain

 Cell combinations

 Genetic systems

 etc.

for instance:
Molecular motors
that be able to
Inject drug to the cell
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 DRY NANOTECHNOLOGY

COMBINATION OF PHYSICS
AND CHEMISTRY

Focus on the

 Carbon-based constructions
 Silicon -based
constructions

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 Wet
nano
tech.

Semicond
uctors,
electronic
,
magnetic
,
and
optical
devices
Dry
nano
tech.

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 COMPUTATION NANOTECHNOLOGY

 Modeling
 Investigating face of
complex constructions
 Predicting of material
behavior in nano scale

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 METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
 Up to down approach  Down to up approach

micro(nano)machining Self –assembling

disadvantage: Use in dna-electronics

Losses of material,
Impurity in mat.
Disarray in mat.

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NANO TECHNOLOGY WILL DIE WITHOUT THESE TOOLS!

Measurement Tools

 Scanning Probe Microscope(SPM)

 Scanning Tunneling Microscope(STM)
 Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)
 Transmission Electron Microscope(TEM)
 Scanning Near-Field Optic Microscope
 Atomic Force Microscope(AFM)

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 WE FOCUS ON THE AFM
CONSIDER THREE MODE
I. Contact mode

II. No contact mode

III. Tapping mode

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DIMENSIONS OF MATERIAL IN NANOSCALE

CATEGORIZED BY:
o Zero dimensional  

o One dimensional

o Two dimensional

o Three dimesional

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SIGNIFICANT MATERIAL IN NANOELECTRONICS

important material

Carbon DeoxyriboNucleic Acid(DNA)

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DIAMOND & GRAPHITE

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 BUCKYBALL

APPLICATIONS
 Saving Ni or H for producing
electricity
 Arranging for using in
circuitry application
 etc.

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Richard Buckminster fuller

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 CARBON NANO TUBE(CNT)

WHAT IS CNT? HOW DOES FORM?

CNT can make by rolling

graphite

Trisect :
 Armchair
 Zig-zag
 Chiral

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HOW IS ROLLING?

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 CNT PROPERTIES

Small size(diameter smaller than 0.4 nm

Conductive or semi conductive
Supper conductive(under15 deg-k.)
Ballistic electron transfer
Producing voltage(use as sensor)
etc.

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 APPLICATIONS OF CNT IN NANOELECTRONICS

More important usage is in the Field Effect

Transistor by CNT channel

wow
Size

Speed(T. Hz)
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 INTRODUCTION TO NANOELECTRONICS

In elec. devices we interested that:

 Small size
 High speed
 High accuracy
 Low power dissipations

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 MOORE’S LOW

In every eighteen month , size of the

transistor should be half !!!!!!!!!!
Existing method Limitations Tunneling

What should we
do?
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 Statistical motion of electrons and atoms

Limitation in miniature

solutions

Single
Nanotube Spintronic DNA-based
electron
blocks circuit devices
devices

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 DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID ((DNA ))

What ?????

It is not a strange material

A macro molecule that

can be able to carry
genetic information

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Adenine

 Adenine
Guanine
0.34 – 0.36 nm

 Thymine

 Guanine
Thymine

 Cytosine
Cytosine

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 Magnetic
properties
Condu
ctivity
Electrical
properties

DNA

Nano
wire

Self-
assemblin
g

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 RESEARCHING SUBJECTS IN NANOELECTRONICS

 self-assembling
Use as memory
electrical properties of DNA (Conductivity)
Conductor
Superconductor NANOWIRE

Semiconductor MOSFETS

insulator INSULATTING MICROELECTRONIC CIRCUITE

Magnetically properties of DNA

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FOCUS ON THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
Experimental Results:
Conductor
(Fink and Schoenenberger 1999 ; Cai et al. 2000 ; Tran et al. 2000 ; Rakitin et al. 2001 ; Yoo et al. 2001)

Induced superconductor
(Kasumov et al. 2001)

Semiconductor like behavior

(Porath et al. 2000)

Insulator
(Dunlap et al. 1993; Braun et al. 1998; de Pablo et al. 2000 ; Storm et al., 2001; Zhang et al. 2002)

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 DISPARITY AMONGST THE RESULTS
Length of the DNA strand
Probability to have conformational defects along the strand

Sequence
Ionization potential G<A<C<T

Contact between the DNA and the electrodes

Charge injection / electron transmission through a
Potential barrier.

Interaction between the DNA and the surface

Deformation of the conduction channel .

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 AN ATTRACTIVE EXPERIMENT
Using photo electron
Complexes Ruthenium streams photo in the absence of acceptor

BUT
in the presence of acceptor, we observe decreasing photo

Complexes
Ruthenium 39
 MANNER OF ELECTRON TRANSMISSION IN DNA

Charge transmission along the DNA fulfill between

G-C

Increasing Distance decreasing charge

between Base pair transmission along DNA

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 ESSENTIAL PROCEDURES OF CHARGE TRANSMISSION IN
PHYSICAL PROSPECT

 Ballistic

 Thermal hopping A: thermal hopping

B: sequential tunneling
C: coherent tunneling
 Sequential tunneling

 Coherent and incoherent

tunneling

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Systematic researches on the DNA with deferent
base pair state that charges transmission
between one G-C to another G-C do by
coherent tunneling trough A-T base pair

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 FABRICATION OF NANO WIRE
USING DNA
 Molecular lithography
 converting to conductor
 Ion metallization
(Ag--Au--Pd--Pt)

 Investigating with
AFM
 Derivation of characteristics

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 FABRICATION OF NANO WIRE USING DNA
MOLECULAR LITHOGRAPHY
The process of DNA metallization by metal ions

Ions that be used:

Ag - Au - Pd - Pt

Molecular
DNA molecule lithography Nano wire
process

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FABRICATION OF NANO WIRE USING DNA
INVESTIGATING WITH AFM

Measurement system of electrical properties

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 EXPERIMENT PROCEDURE
 Sample preparation
 Substrate preparation
 Dropping of DNA droplet
on the substrate
 AFM

In continue

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 AFM TOPOGRAPHY

SEM

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DERIVATION OF CHARACTERISTICS

DNA I-V
characteristic

Vth

Diode I-V characteristic

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 CONCLUSION
o Self assembly properties
o Conductivity of DNA
o Doping of DNA
o …

Cause DNA becomes a candidate for today

electronic devices like as sensor
,nanowire and etc.

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 REFERENCES
[1] Young Sun and Ching-Hwa Kiang, “DNA-based Artificial Nanostructures:Fabrication, Properties, and
Applications” , “Handbook of Nanostructured Biomaterials and Their Applications in Nanobiotechnology,”
Vol. 2 (ISBN: 1-58883-033-0), edited by Nalwa , American Scientific Publishers (2005), pp 224-246.

[2] Csaki, A., G. Maubach, D. Born, W. Fritzsche ,” DNA-Based Construction For Nanoelectronics”, LITHO 2004
13-16 June , 2004 Agelonde-France

[3] Claude Nogues , Sidney Cohen, Shirley Daube and Ron Naaman,” Electrical properties of DNA characterized
by conducting-atomic force microscopy.”

[4] J. S. Hwang, S. H. Hong , H. K. Kim, Y. W. Kwon , J. I. Jin, S. W. Hwang and D. Ahn,” Electrical Transport
Properties of Au-Doped DNA Molecule” Extended Abstracts of the 2004 International Conference on Solid State
Devices and Materials, Tokyo, 2004,- 332 pp. 332-333

[5] Hezy Cohen, Claude Nogues Daniela Ullien, Tomer Sapir, Errez Shapir, Nataly Borovok, Tatiana Mototsky, Ron
Naaman, Rosa Di Felice, Juyeon Yi, Alexander Kotlyar, and Danny Porath,” Towards DNA- and Protein-Based
Nanoelectronics”, XVII Symposium on Condensed Matter Physics - SFKM 2007, Vršac - Serbia

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 REFERNCES
[6] Takahiko K. SASAKI, Asato IKEGAMI, Michika MOCHIZUKI, Nobuyuki AOKI and Yuichi OCHIAI,”
Transport
Properties of DNA Molecules by Using Nano-Electrodes Based on Carbon Nanotube” Proc. 2nd Quantum
Transport Nano-Hana International Workshop IPAP Conf. Series 5 pp.97-100

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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QUESTION

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