FOUNDER OF 7QC TOOLS KAORU ISHIKAWA

STRATIFICATION
CHECK SHEET
CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAM
CONTROL CHART
PARENTO DIAGRAM
HISTOGRAM
SCATTER DIAGRAM
 TO DIVIDE THE WHOLE PORTION INTO
SMALLER PORTIONS ACCORDING TO THE
CERTAIN CRITERIA.
EXAMPLE: TYPES OF DEFECT & CAUSE OF
DEFECT
 MONTHLY HOURS(DIE SETTING,
PRODUCTION TARGET IDEAL TIME).
ACHIEVEMENT. DAY SHIFT
(PRODUCTION
TONNAGE).
NIGHT SHIFT
(PRODUCTION
TONNAGE).

METHOD OF
ITEM
STRATIFICATION
 SHEET TO IDENTIFY THE DEFECTS.
IT ALLOWS EASY COLLECTION &
AGGREGATION OF DATA.
DATA CAN BE COLLECTED TO EXTRACT
NECESSARY INFORMATION.
EXAMPLE :FIRST OFF PATROL INSPECTION
REPORT, MAINTANANCE CHECK LIST
MONTH WEEK TYPES OF DEFECTS

UNFILLING MISMATCH LAP BEND TOTAL

MARK QUANTITY

1st 5 10 20 30 65
WEEK
2nd 10 3 7 15 35
WEEK
JULY
3rd 15 12 18 20 65
WEEK

4th 7 22 11 10 50
WEEK

5th 2 4 6 8 20
WEEK

TOTAL 39 51 62 83 235
 A tool for recording and organizing data to identify a
problem
 EFFICIENCY IS A EFFECTIVENESS IS A
RESULT WITH LOW RESULT WITH
RESOURCES LIKE NORMAL
TIME,COST, MAN RESOURCES LIKE
POWER. TIME, COST,MAN
POWER.
 METHOD OF GENERATING MANY IDEAS THAT
IS MOST EFFECTIVE WHEN DONE AS A GROUP
EFFORT.
DURING THIS MANY SOLUTION OCCUR &
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ONE TO SOLVE THE
PROBLEM.
BEFORE CAUSE AND EFFECT ANALYSE
BRAINSTORMING NEED TO BE DONE.
 ALSO KNOW FISH BONE DIAGRAM.
REPRESENTS THE SYSTEMATIC
REPRESENTATION OF RELATIONS.
HELPS TO ANALYSE THE PROBLEMS.
IT HAS 5MS
(MAN,MACHINE,METHOD,MEASUREMENTS,
MATERIAL).
 TO DETERMINE WHETHER A PROCESS
SHOULD UNDERGO A FORMAL EXAMINATION
FOR QUALITY RELATED PROBLEMS.
IT SI ALSO KNOWN AS SHEWHART CHARTS.
THIS TOOL IS USED TO DETERMINE IF A
MANUFACTURING OR BUSINESS PROCESS IS IN
STATE OF STATISTICALCONTROL.
 THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF CONTROL CHARTS,
1).VARIABLE:
IT IS MESURED ,USUALLY ON
COTINUOUS SCALE.
EXAMPLE: LENGTH,WIDTH,THICKNESS.
2).ATTRIBUTE:
IT IS DATA TO BE COUNTED.
EXAMPLE:NO.OF.PHONE CALLS,
NO.OF.DEFECTS IN PARTS.
CONTROL CHART FOR VARIABLES:
1).X BAR CHART = GIVES AN IDEA OF THE
CENTRAL TENDENCY OF THE
OBSERVATIONS.THESE CHARTS REVEAL THE
VARIATIONS BETWEEN THE SAMPLE
OBSERVATIONS.
2).R-CHART = GIVES AN IDEA ABOUT THE
SPREAD OF THE OBSERVATIONS.THIS CHART
SHOWS THE VARIATIONS WITHIN THE
SAMPLES.
CONTROL CHARTS FOR ATTRIBUTES:
1).P-CHART = PERCENT DEFECTIVE CHART,TO
DISCOVER THE AVERAGE PROPORTIOIN OF
NON CONFORMING ARTICLES OR PARTS
SUBMITTED FOR INSPECTION OVER A PERIOD
OF TIME.
2).C-CHART = THIS CHART APPLIED TO THE
NUMBER OF NON CONFORMITIES IN
SAMPLESOF CONSTANT SIZE.
 CONTROL CHART CONSISTS OF ,
1).MEAN .
2).MEDIAN.
3).MODE.
4).RANGE.

1).MEAN:
MEAN IS A MEASUREMENT OF AVERAGE OF A GIVEN VALUES.
EXAMPLE: 25+25=50 50*2=25
 2).MEDIAN:
MEDAIN IS THE MIDDLE VALUE IN
THE LIST OF NUMBERS.
PUT THEM IN ASCENDING ORDER AND FIND
MEDIAN.
EXAMPLE:
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 5 IS MEDIAN
 3).MODE:
MOST FREQUENTLY OCCURS IN
LIST OF VALUES,REPEATLY OCCUR VALUES.
EXAMPLE:
1,2,2,2,3,4,5,6,6,2,5,5,42 IS MODE
4).RANGE:
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HIGHEST
VALUE AND LOWEST VALUE IS CALLED RANGE.
EXAMPLE:
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 8-17 IS RANGE
 VILFREDO PARETO FOUNDER OF PARETO
CHART.
IT CONTAINS BOTH BARS AND LINE GRAPH.
BARS REPRESENTS THE INDIVIDUALS
VALVES,FREQUENCY.
LINE REPRESENTS THE CUMULATIVE TOTAL .
PARETO CHART POPULARLY CALLED AS 80-
20 CHART.
FOR MANY EVENTS ROUGHLY 80% OF EFFECTS
COME FROM 20% OF CAUSES.
 LINE GRAPH
60
50
REWORK QTY

40
30
RV78 VALVE BODY
20
TRIGGER
10
D65 ROLLER
0
 BASED ON CUTTING WEIGHT
TONNAGE- BAR CHART
DHO1 DHO2 SPO1
79.16

54.02
49.12
40.19 41.58
35.88
29.11
23.02

0 0 0 0

APRIL MAY JUNE JULY

 BASED ON FORGED WEIGHT
TONNAGE BAR CHART
DHO1 DHO2 SPO1

68.908

46.394 42.988
35.758 37.119
30.83
24.786
19.354

APRIL MAY JUNE JULY

35
30
25
20
HALF COUPLING
15
3207
10
5 BONNETTI
0
43192 GEAR
 HISTOGRAM ALSO GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATON
OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF NUMERICAL DATA.
IT IS CONTINUOUS DATA, WHERE THE BINS
REPRESENT RANGES OF DATA.
RANGE OF DATA DIVIDED INTO SMALLER
SECTION HAVING UNIFORM SPAN & NO.OF DATA
CONTAINED IN EACH SECTION.
EXAMPLE:

DIFFERENT TYPES OF REJECTIONS IN

PRODUCTION LIKE DENT MARK, UNFILLING, LAP
MARK
400 370
300
200 132 185
100 8
0 2
7

THICKNESS OVERSIZE DENT MARK

ID WIDTH UNDERSIZE THICKNESS UNDERSIZE
 BEND

MISMATCH RV78 VALVE BODY

TRIGGER
LAP MARK D65 ROLLER

UNFILLING

0% 50% 100%
 TOOL USED TO ANALYZING RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN TWO VARIABLES.
EXAMPLE:
REWORK & REJECTION QTY.
ONE VARIABLE PLOTTED IN HORIZONTAL &
ANOTHER IN VERTICAL.
TO DETERMINE HOW THEY ARE RELATED TO
IDENTIFY THE PROBLEMS FOR IMPROVEMENT.
 500

400
REWORK QTY

300

REWORK QTY
200
Linear (REWORK QTY)
100

0
0 500 1000 1500
PRODUCTION QTY
 80
70
60
REJECTION QTY

50
REJECTION QTY
40
30
Linear (REJECTION
20
QTY)
10
0
0 500 1000 1500
PRODUCTION QTY
 1).STRATIFICATION:
COLLECTION OF DATA TO PERFORM BASIC
PROCESSING
2).CHECK SHEET:
RECORD THE DATA COLLECTION
3).CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAM:
TO IDENTIFY THE ROOT CAUSE PROBLEMS
4).CONTROL CHART:
TO CHECK WHETHER THE PROCESS IS IN
CONTROL ARE NOT
 5).HISTOGRAM:
TO ANALYZE THE PROCESS BY EXAMINING
THE VALUE IN GRAPH & TO FIND THE
PROBLEM NEED TO IMPROVE
6).PARETO DIAGRAM:
TO IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM IN PARTICULAR
AREA
7).SCATTER DIAGRAM:
TO ANALYZE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
TWO VARIABLES