GOOD DAY!!!

:)

ECE
E
Review 2015 C
E
Engr. Jeffrey Berida
 How did Thomas Edison solve
his problems?

He did more than 6,000

experiments to invent carbon
light bulb filament

He did 10,296 experiments to

invent nickel iron battery
genius is 1% inspiration
and 99% perspiration.
There is no such
thing as
IMPOSSIBLE
.
Because the word
itself says,
IM POSSIBLE
MOTIVATIONAL QUOTES
E
L In bipolar transistor biased in the
E forward-active region the base
X current is IB 50 uA and the
collector currents is IC 27 mA. The
P S
R O alpha is.
O L
B V
L I
E N Ans. 0.9982
M G
E
L
E
_______is a two terminal
X
variable resistor used to vary the
O
B amount of the current in a circuit.
J
E
C
T
I
V Ans. Rheostat
E
E
L A transformer has a turns
E ratio of 4: 1. What is the peak
X secondary voltage if 115 V
P S
rms is applied to the primary
R O winding?
O L
B V
L I
E N
M G Ans. 40.7 V
E
L This network theorem states
E that the entire network connected
X to a pair of terminals can be
O replaced by a single voltage
B
J
source, in series with a single
E resistance.
C
T
I
V Ans. Thevenins Theorem
E
E
L
E
X
P S
R O
O L
B V
L I
E N
M G Ans. 8.2 ohms
E An energy source forces a
L constant current to flow through a
E light bulb for 5 seconds. If 4.6 kJ
X is given off in the form of light
O and heat energy and the voltage
B drop across the bulb is 230 volts,
J
E determine the value of the
C constant current flowing through
T
I the bulb.
V
E Ans. 4 A
E
L
E If ID is equal 4mA and IDSS
X equal to 9mA,determine the
P S
value of Vp if VGS IS -1 V ?
R O
O L
B V
L I
E N Ans. -3 V
M G
E
L The temperature above
E which ferromagnetic materials
X become paramagnetic, losing
O substantially all of their
B
J permanent magnetic
E
C
properties.
T
I
V Ans. Curie Temperature
E
E Diamagnetic
L -antimony, bismuth, copper,
E
gold, mercury, silver, zinc
X
Paramagnetic
O
B -aluminum, chromium,
J
E
manganese, platinum
C Ferromagnetic
T
I -alnico, cobalt, iron, nickel,
V
E
steel, ferrites
E
L
E Find the value of resistor
X with the following color codes:
P S Brown, White, Orange, Red
R O
O L
B V
L I
E N
M G
Ans. 19k ohms, plus minus 20%
 A carbon composition resistor
having only three color stripes has
a tolerance of
a. +/- 5%.
b. +/- 20%.
c. +/- 10%.
d. +/- 100%.
E
L A parallel plate capacitor has
E the following values: K=81, d=
X 0.025 inches, A= 6 square inches.
What capacitance of the
P S
R O capacitor?
O L
B V
L I
E N Ans. 4372 picofarads
M G
E
L In an Atomic Structure,
E
what particle that has no
X
O
change and therefore has
B no effect on its atomic
J
E charge?
C
T
I
V Ans. Neutrons
E
E
L Two series- connected 7 H
E inductors are adjacent to each
X other; their coefficient of coupling
is 0.64. What is the value of the
P S
R O mutual inductance?
O L
B V
L I
E N Ans. 4.48 H
M G
E
L
E The science of the physical
X phenomena at very low
O temperature, approaching
B
J
absolute zero is called_______.
E
C
T
I
V Ans. Cryogenics
E
E
L
E
X The reciprocal of Capacitance
O is called_______.
B
J
E
C
T
I
V Ans. Elastance
E
E
L If a magnetic Flux occurs
E across 100 turns at a rate of 2
X Wb/sec. What is the induced
P S voltage as per Faradys Law.
R O
O L
B V
L I
E N Ans. 200 V
M G
E
L
E If an emf in a circuit is
X given by = sin, the
P S maximum value of voltage and
R O
O L frequency are?
B V
L I
E N
M G
Ans. 100 V , 100 Hz
E
L
E
X What do you call a 4-bit
O word?
B
J
E
C
T
I
V Ans. Nibble
E
E
L
E What do you call the
X ohmic resistance of the
O semiconductor?
B
J
E
C
T
I
V Ans. Bulk Resistance
E
E
L
E
X The value of form factor for
O a pure sine wave is
B
J
E
C
T
I
V Ans. 1.11
E
E
L
E If you need an LC circuit to
X be resonant at 2500 Hz and use
P S a 150 mH coil, what should the
R O
O L capacitance value be?
B V
L I
E N
M G
Ans. 0.027
E
L
E What do you call the
X process of converting chemical
O energy into electrical energy in
B
J a cell?
E
C
T
I
V Ans. Electrochemical action
E
List of Batteries and their Corresponding Output

Primary
Alkaline Mn02 1.15 V
Carbon Zinc 1.5 V
Electrolyte 2.8 V
Leclanche 1.2 V
Li-organic 2.8 V
Magnesium 1.5 V
Manganeses dioxide (alkaline) 1.5 V
Mercad 0.85 V
Mercury 1.2 V
Mercuric Oxide 1.35 V
Silver Oxide 1.5 V
Solid 1.9 V
Zinc-Air 1.1 V
Zinc-Chloride 1.5 V
List of Batteries and their Corresponding Output

Secondary

Edison 1.2 V
Lead - Acid 2.1 V
Manganese Dioxide (alkaline) 1.5 V
Nickel - Cadmium 1.25 V
Nickel - Hydrogen 1.2 V
Nickel - Iron 1.2 V
Silver - Cadmium 1.05 V
Silver - Zinc 1.5 V
Zinc - Chloride 2.0 V
Zinc - Nickel Oxide 1.6 V
 Most Commonly Used Cells

Primary

Type Voltage (V) Remarks

used for flash lights
and toys; low cost
Carbon - Zinc 1.5
and low current
capacity
higher current
Zinc - Chloride 1.5
capacity
hydroxide electrolyte
Manganese Alkaline 1.5 and high current
capacity
Silver Oxide 1.5 hydroxide electrolyte
Lithium 2.8 long life, high cost
 Most Commonly Used Cells

Secondary

Type Voltage (V) Remarks

Lead Acid 2.1 wet electrolyte

rechargeable dry cell,
Silver - Zinc 1.5 high current
capacity

rechargeable dry cell,

Silver - Cadmium 1.05
high efficiency

rechargeable dry
Nickel - Cadmium 1.25
battery
 Sample Problems

Thirty six dry cells are connected in four parallel groups of

nine cells in series per group. If the voltage and current
rating of each cell is 1.45 volts and 4 amps, respectively.
a) Calculate the voltage, current, and power rating of the
entire combination.
b) Recalculate the problem for nine parallel groups of four
cells in series per group.
E
L
E
X The device that provides
O the turning force applied to
B
J the armature is
E
C
T
I
V
E Ans. Prime Mover
E
L
E
X Find the frequency in
P S the armature of a 10 pole,
R O
O L 1200 rpm generator.
B V
L I
E N
M G

Ans. 100 Hz
E
L
E Find the voltage
X regulation power supply
P S
R O with 400 V without load
O L
B V and 200 V with full load.
L I
E N
M G

Ans. 100 %
E
L
E How much is the inductance
X of a coil that has an area of 2 x
10-4 m2,length of 0.2 m and
P S
R O N=100 turns?
O L
B V
L I
E N
M G
Ans. 12.6 uH
E
L Calculate the output voltage
E if V1 = V2 = 700 mV.
X
P S
R O
O L
B V
L I
E N
M G
Ans. 0 V
E
L
Which class of amplifier
E
allows collector current to flow
X
for more than 180 degrees of
O
B the input signal but less than
J
E
360 degrees?
C
T
I
V Ans. AB
E
E
L The resonant circuit of a
E tuned-collector transistor
X oscillator has a resonant
P S
frequency of 5MHz. If the value
R O of the capacitance is increased by
O L
B V
50%, calculate the new resonant
L I frequency.
E N
M G
Ans. 4.08 MHz
E
L
E
Percent ripple of a have
X
wave rectifier is equal to
O
B ______.
J
E
C
T
I
V Ans. 121 %
E
E
L
It is equivalent to two SCRs
E
connected to allow current in
X
either direction, Identify what is
O
B also known as a birectional triode
J thyristor.
E
C
T
I
V Ans. TRIAC
E
E
L A characteristic of a
E semiconductor material, such as
X silver sulfide, in which resistance
O to electrical current flow
B
J
decreases as temperature
E increases.
C
T
I
V Ans. NTC
E
E
L
E The minimum anode-cathode
X voltage required to switch an
O SCR from the off state to the on
B
J
state is the _______
E
C
T
I
V Ans. Forward Breakover Voltage
E
SCR Basic Construction and Equivalent Circuit

SCHEMATIC
SYMBOL
Turning ON an SCR
Apply enough gate triggering current.
Apply anode voltage equal to break-
over voltage.

Turning OFF an SCR

Anode current interruption
Forced commutation
E
L
E What is the Basis for
X declaring the direction of electric
O current is from positive terminal
B
J
to negative terminal?
E
C
T
I
V Ans. Conventional
E
E
L Specific resistance depends upon
E A. Nature of material
X B. Cross sectional Area & length
O of conductor
B C. Material and length
J
E D. Material, area and length
C
T
I
V
E Ans. A. Nature of material
E
At high frequencies, a counter-
L induced voltage builds up at the center of
E a conductor, resulting in an increased
X flow near the surface (skin) of the
conductor and a sharp reduction near the
O
B center. As a result, the effective area of
J conduction decreases and the resistance
E increases as defined by the basic equation
C for the geometric resistance of a
T
I conductor.
V
E Ans. Skin effect
1. Error in voltmeter reading is
due to

a. loading
b. battery aging
c. conversion
d. insertion
VOLTMETER
DESIGN
AMMETER
DESIGN
OHMMETER
DESIGN
2. It is a meter that requires its
own power source.

a. voltmeter
b. ammmeter
c. wattmeter
d. ohmmeter
3. Error in ohmmeter reading is
due to:

a. insertion
b. loading
c. battery aging
d. meter friction
4. An diode acts like a switch is
an example of the

a. Ideal approximation
b. Second approximation
c. Higher approximation
d. Exact model
5. The net charge of a neutral
copper atom is

a. 0
b. +1
c. -1
d. +4
6. A semiconductor has how
many types of flow?

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
7. Trivalent atoms have how many
valence electrons?

a. 1
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
8. The coulomb is a unit of

a. electric charge.
b. potential difference.
c. current.
d. voltage.
9. Which of the following statements
is true?

a. Unlike charges repel each other.

b. Like charges repel each other.
c. Unlike charges attract each other.
d. Both b and c.
10. A charge of 6 C moves past a given
point every 0.25 second. How
much is the current flow in
amperes?

a. 24 A.
b. 2.4 A.
c. 1.5 A.
d. 12 A.
11. A carbon composition resistor
having only three color stripes has
a tolerance of
a. +/- 5%.
b. +/- 20%.
c. +/- 10%.
d. +/- 100%.
12. A chip resistor is marked 394.
Its resistance value is

a. 39.4 ohms.
b. 394 ohms.
c. 390,000 ohms.
d. 39,000 ohms.
13. A potentiometer is a

a. three-terminal device used to vary

the voltage in a circuit.
b. two-terminal device used to vary
the current in a circuit.
c. Fixed resistor.
d. two-terminal device used to vary
the voltage in a circuit.
14. If a thermistor has a negative
temperature coefficient (NTC),
its resistance
a. increases with an increase in
operating temperature.
b. decreases with a decrease in
operating temperature.
c. decreases with an increase in
operating temperature.
d. is unaffected by its operating
temperature.
15. Once an SCR is conducting,

a. its anode to cathode voltage

increases substantially.
b. the only way to turn it off is with a
positive gate voltage.
c. it can never be turned off.
d. the gate loses all control.
16. A noninverting amplifier has a
15-kohms Rf and a 1.2-kohms Ri .
How much is its closed-loop
voltage gain, A cl ?
a. 12.5.
b. -12.5.
c. 13.5.
d. 9.
 +V

Inverting -
input
Output
Non-inverting +
input

-V

OP-AMP Symbol
 Rf

Rin -
-
Eout
Eout
in +
+
Ein

Rf Rf

Rin Rin3
- Rin2 -
Ein3
Eout Rin1
+ Ein2 Eout
+
Ein1
Ein
17. A voltage follower has a

a. high input impedance.

b. low output impedance.
c. voltage gain of one.
d. all of the above.
18. The input stage of every op
amp is a

a. differential amplifier.
b. push-pull amplifier.
c. common-base amplifier.
d. none of the above.
19. In a class A amplifier, the
collector current, Ic , flows for

a. 180 of the ac input cycle.

b. 360 of the ac input cycle.
c. 120 or less of the ac input cycle.
d. 90 of the ac input cycle.
20. Which of the following classes
of amplifier operation has the
highest power efficiency?
a. class A.
b. class B.
c. class C.
d. class AB.
21. A class A amplifier should be
biased

a. at cutoff.
b. midway between saturation and
cutoff.
c. very near saturation.
d. none of the above.
22. A class C amplifier is typically
used as a(n)

a. audio amplifier.
b. linear amplifier.
c. tuned rf amplifier.
d. none of the above.
23. The transistors in a class B
pushpull amplifier are biased
slightly above cutoff to prevent
a. crossover distortion.
b. excessive power dissipation in the
transistors.
c. excessive efficiency.
d. none of the above.
24. The collector current in a
class C amplifier

a. is rich in harmonics.
b. flows for 120 degrees or less of
the ac input cycle.
c. is nonsinusoidal.
d. all of the above.
25. A JFET is a

a. unipolar device.
b. voltage-controlled device.
c. current controlled device.
d. both a and b.
26. Which JFET amplifier is also
known as a source follower?

a. the common-source amplifier.

b. the common-gate amplifier.
c. the common-channel amplifier.
d. the common-drain amplifier.
27. Which transistor region is very
thin and lightly doped?

a. the emitter region.

b. the collector region.
c. the anode region.
d. the base region.
28. The alpha dc of a transistor
equals

a. I C / I E .
b. I B / I C .
c. I E / I C .
d. I C / I B .
29. When a transistor is in
saturation,

a. V CE = V CC .
b. I C = 0 A.
c. V CE = 0 V.
d. V CE = V CC .
30. A bipolar junction transistor
has

a. only one p-n junction.

b. three p-n junctions.
c. no p-n junctions.
d. two p-n junctions.
31. What is the Beta dc of a
transistor whose Alpha dc is
0.996?
a. 249.
b. 100.
c. approximately 1.
d. It cannot be determined.
32. In a transistor, which current
is the largest?

a. I C .
b. I B .
c. I E .
d. I D .
33. A pure semiconductor is often
referred to as a(n)

a. extrinsic semiconductor.
b. intrinsic semiconductor.
c. doped semiconductor.
d. none of the above.
34. For a silicon diode, the barrier
potential, Vb , is approximately

a. 0.7 V.
b. 0.3 V.
c. 2.0 V.
d. 6.8 V.
35. A reverse-biased diode acts
like a(n)

a. closed switch.
b. open switch.
c. small resistance.
d. none of the above.
36. The sharing of valence
electrons in a silicon crystal is
called
a. doping.
b. the avalanche effect.
c. covalent bonding.
d. coupling.
37. When used as a voltage
regulator, a zener diode is
normally
a. forward-biased.
b. reverse-biased.
c. not biased.
d. none of the above.
38. What is the dc output voltage
of an unfiltered half-wave rectifier
whose peak output voltage is 9.8
V?
a. 6.23 V.
b. 19.6 V.
c. 9.8 V.
d. 3.1 V.
39. When solving for the
Thevenin equivalent resistance,
Rth ,
a. all voltage sources must be
opened.
b. all voltage sources must be short
circuited.
c. all voltage sources must be
converted to current sources.
d. none of the above.
40. The unit of inductance is the

a. henry.
b. farad.
c. ohm.
d. volt-ampere.
41. The inductance, L, of an
inductor is affected by

a. number of turns.
b. area enclosed by each turn.
c. permeability of the core.
d. all of the above.
42. Inductance can be defined as
the characteristic that

a. opposes a change in current.

b. opposes a change in voltage.
c. aids or enhances any change in
current.
d. stores electric charge.
43. The capacitive reactance, Xc ,
of a capacitor is

a. inversely proportional to
frequency.
b. unaffected by frequency.
c. directly proportional to frequency.
d. directly proportional to
capacitance.
44. For direct current (dc), a
capacitor acts like a(n)

a. closed switch.
b. open.
c. short.
d. small resistance.
45. What is the capacitive
reactance, Xc , of a 330-pF
capacitor at a frequency of 1
MHz?
a. 482 ohms.
b. 48.2 ohms.
c. 1 k ohms.
d. 482 M ohms.
46. A very common use for a
capacitor is to

a. block any dc voltage but provide

very little opposition to an ac
voltage.
b. block both dc and ac voltages.
c. pass both dc and ac voltages.
d. none of the above.
47. How much charge in
coulombs is stored by a 50- micro
Farad capacitor with 20 V across
its plates?
a. Q = 100 micro C.
b. Q = 2.5 micro C.
c. Q = 1 mC.
d. Q = 1 micro C.
48. The gauss (G) is a unit of

a. flux density.
b. magnetic flux.
c. permeability.
d. none of the above.
49. The weber (Wb) is a unit of

a. magnetic flux.
b. flux density.
c. permeability.
d. none of the above.
49. What is the flux density, B ,
for a magnetic flux of 500 Mx
through an area of 10 cm^2 ?
a. 50x10^3 T.
b. 50 G.
c. 5000 G.
d. both a and b.
51. How much current does a 75-
W lightbulb draw from the 120-V
power line?
a. 625 mA.
b. 1.6 A.
c. 160 mA.
d. 62.5 mA.
52. What happens to the input
resistance of an amplifier
employing current-shunt feedback?
a. increased
b. remains the same
c. decreased
d. equals infinity
53. What are the basic elements
of communications system?

a. Source, transmission channel,

transmitter
b. Transmitter, receiver, transmission
channel
c. Information, transmission
channel, receiver
d. Sender and receiver
54. What composes all matter
whether a liquid, solid or gas?

a. Atoms
b. Electrons
c. Protons
d. Neutrons
55. Refers to the atom that losses
an electron

a. Positive ion
b. Negative ion
c. Emf
d. Neutron
56. Which of the following
statement is true for metals?

a. An increase in the temperature does

not affect the resistance
b. An increase in temperature lowers
the resistance
c. An increase in temperature increases
the resistance
d. An increase in temperature doubles
the resistance
57. A rheostat is a device that
regulates the strength of an
electric current by
a. Increasing the magnetic field in
the circuit
b. Varying the voltage in the circuit
c. Varying the resistance in the
circuit
d. Varying the current in the circuit
58. The reciprocal of capacitance
is called________

a. Elastance
b. Permitivitty
c. Permeability
d. Conductance
59. What is the law whereby the
attraction or repulsion between
two magnetic poles is directly
proportional to their strength?
a. Coulombs law
b. Newtons law
c. Coulombs first law
d. Nortons law
60. The current of electric circuits
is analogous to __________
parameter of a magnetic circuit.
a. Flux density
b. Reluctance
c. Mmf
d. Flux
61. A battery with a rating of 9 volts has
an internal resistance of 20 ohms, what
is the expected resistance of the bulb
that is connected across the battery to
attain a maximum power transfer?
a. 20 ohms
b. 10 ohms
c. 5 ohms
d. 2 ohms
62. In a series circuit of 2 resistors 2200
and 4500 with an impressed voltage of
10, what is the circuit current in mA?

a. 1.49
b. 6.76
c. 4.34
d. 1.34
63. In mesh analysis, we apply:

a. KCL
b. KVL
c. Source transformation
d. Millmans Theorem
12. A 33-kohm resistor is connected in
series with a parallel combination made
up of 56-kohm resistor and a 7.8-kohm
resistor. What is the total combined
resistance of the three resistors?
a. 39067 ohms
b. 49069 ohms
c. 63769 ohms
d. 95000 ohms
64. Term used for the out of phase,
non-productive power associated
with inductors and capacitors
a. Effective power
b. True power
c. Reactive power
d. Peak envelope power
65. The impedance in the study
of electronics is represented by
resistance and ________
a. Reactance
b. Inductance and capacitance
c. Inductance
d. Capacitance
66. What do you mean by root-
mean-square (rms) value?

a. It is the average value

b. It is the effective value
c. It is the value that causes the
same heating effect as the dc
voltage
d. b or c
67. A 220-volt, 60Hz is driving a
series RL circuit. Determine the
current if R = 100 ohms and 20 mH
inductance
a. 2.2A(lagging)
b. 2.0 A(lagging)
c. 2.2 A(leading)
d. 2.0 A(leading)
68. What is the time constant of a
500mH coil and a 3300 ohm
resistor in series?
a. 0.00015 sec
b. 6.6 sec
c. 0.0015 sec
d. 0.000015 sec
69. There are no transients in
pure resistive circuits because
they
a. Offer high resistance
b. Obey Ohms Law
c. Are linear circuits
d. Have no stored energy
70. What is the forbidden energy
gap of germanium?

a. 0.12 eV
b. 1.12 eV
c. 0.67 eV
d. 7.2 eV
71. What is a semiconductor in its
purest form?

a. Intrinsic semiconductor
b. Extrinsic semiconductor
c. P-type material
d. N-type material
72. It is the process of
deliberately adding impurity to a
semiconductor material is called
a. Impurification
b. Pollution
c. Deionization
d. Doping
73. What is a doped semiconductor?

a. Impure semiconductor
b. Dipole semiconductor
c. Bipolar semiconductor
d. Extrinsic semiconductor
74. Pure silicon crystal atoms
contain how many valence
electrons as a result of covalent
bonding?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 8
d. 16
75. What is considered as the key
to electrical conductivity?

a. the number of electrons in the

valence orbit
b. the number of neutrons in the
nucleus
c. the number of protons and
electrons in the atom
d. the number of neutrons in the
nucleus
76. Silicon that has been doped
with a trivalent impurity is called

a. p-type semiconductor
b. n-type semiconductor
c. intrinsic semiconductor
d. extrinsic semiconductor
77. The transistor specification
number 2N refers to a

a. diode
b. junction transistor
c. FET with one gate
d. SCR
78. The name of the very first
transistor

a. diode
b. junction transistor
c. point contact transistor
d. triode
79. Region in a transistor that is
heavily doped.

a. collector
b. emitter
c. base
d. gate
80. This type of feedback
increases the gain of the system

a. positive feedback
b. negative feedback
c. degenerative feedback
d. zero feedback
81. To sustain oscillations, circuits
must exhibit

a. hall effect
b. fly effect
c. flywheel effect
d. shake effect
82. It is a non-invasive test that
records the electrical activity of
the heart
a. Electrocardiogram
b. Electromyogram
c. Electroencephalogram
d. mammograph
83. In Boolean algebra, A
+A+A+A++A is the same as

a. 5A
b. nA
c. A
d. infinite
84. A + B =Y is the Boolean
function for

a. AND gate
b. NAND gate
c. NOR gate
d. OR gate
85. If = + +
+ + , the
magnitude of the dc component is:
a. 10
b. 8
c. 4
d. 2
86. Find the Laplace transform of
the sin8t sin6t u(t)
96
a.
2 +4 2 +196
96 2
b.
2 +5 2 +197
98
c.
2 +6 2 +198
96
d.
2 +4 3 +196
87. The voltage that starts an oscillator
is caused by

a. Ripple from the power supply

b. Noise voltage in resistors
c. The input signal from a generator
d. Positive feedback
181
THAN
K
YOU