Kim tra bi c :

Cu hi:
Bit 4 s hng u ca dy s (un) l -1, 3, 7, 11.
T hy ch ra mt quy lut ri vit tip 5 s hng ca
dy theo quy lut .

Tr li:
1) Quy lut l mi s hng k t s hng th hai tr i u
bng s hng ng ngay trc n cng vi 4 n v.
2) Nm s hng tip theo ca dy s l:

15, 19, 23, 27, 31.

Dy s nh trn gi l cp s cng
 Em hiu th no l cp s cng?

A. Cp s cng l mt dy s tng.

B. Cp s cng l mt dy s, trong k t s hng th hai, mi

s hng u bng s hng ng ngay trc n cng vi 4.

C. Cp s cng l mt dy s, trong k t s hng th hai, mi

s hng u bng s hng ng ngay trc n cng vi mt s
khng i.

D. suy ngh khc.

 3. CP S CNG
I. NH NGHA
NH NGHA
Cp s cng l mt dy s ( hu hn hoc v hn ) m trong
k t s hng th hai mi s hng u bng s hng ng
ngay trc n cng vi mt s d khng i.
S d c gi l cng sai ca cp s cng

Dy (un) l cp s cng un+1 = un + d, n N*

c bit

Khi d = 0 th cp s cng l mt dy s khng i

VD : 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5 vi u1 = 5 v d = 0
 3. CP S CNG
V d 1: Trong cc dy s hu hn sau , dy no l cp
s cng ?
a) 5 ; 2 ; 1 ; 4 ; 7 ; 10 . CSC vi cng sai d = 3
b) 2, 4, 7, 10, 13, 14, 15, 20.
1 2 3 4 5
c) , , , ,
2 3 4 5 6
V d 2 : Chng minh dy s ( un ) vi un = 2n+1 l mt
cp s cng ?
Gii
Xt un+1 un = ( 2(n+1) + 1 ) ( 2n+1 ) = 2
Hay un+1 = un +2
Do ( un ) vi un = 2n+1 l mt cp s cng c cng sai d = 2
 3. CP S CNG

1 Cho (un)l mt cp s cng c 6 s hng vi

1
u1 , d 3
3
Vit dng khai trin ca n.

p n:

1 8 17 26 35 44
; ; ; ; ; .
3 3 3 3 3 3
 3. CP S CNG
2
Mai v Hng chi tr xp que dim thnh hnh thp trn mt
sn,cch xp th hin nh sau:
3 que
Tng 1

Tng 2 7 que

Tng 3 11 que

Tng 4 15 que

-------------
Tng 100 (tng y)
? C bao nhiu que dim?

Tng qut: S hng tng qut un= ?

 3. CP S CNG

II/S HNG TNG QUT

NH L 1
Nu cp s cng (Un) c s hng u u1 v cng sai d th s hng tng
qut un, c xc nh bi cng thc :
un u1 (n 1)d vi n 2 (*)
CHNG MINH
S dng phng php quy np :
+ Khi n = 2 th u2=u1+d (ng).
+ Gi s cng thc ( * ) ng vi n = k (k 2) , tc l uk = u1 + (k-1)d.
Ta chng minh ( * ) ng vi n = k+1,tc ta chng minh :uk+1 = u1+ kd.
Tht vy, ta c : uk+1 =uk+d ( nh ngha cp s cng )
uk+1 = u1 + (k-1)d + d ( theo gt quy np )
uk+1 = u1 + kd -d + d <=> uk+1 = u1 + kd ( iu phi chng minh )
Vy : uk = u1 +(n-1)d vi n 2
 3. CP S CNG
II. S HNG TNG QUT
NH L 1: Gi un l s hng tng qut ca CSC (un), ta c:

V D 3 :
un = u1 + (n 1)d, n 2
Cho cp s cng (un) bit u1= -5, d = 3.
a. Tnh u15.
b. S 100 l s hng th bao nhiu ca cp s cng ?
c. Biu din cc s hng u1, u2, u3, u4, u5 trn cng trc s. Nhn xt v
tr ca mi im u2, u3, u4 so vi hai im lin k.
GII a. u15 = - 5 + (15 - 1).3 = 37
b. un = - 5 + (n - 1).3 <=> 100 = - 5 +(n - 1).3
<=>100 = - 5 + 3n - 3 <=>108 = 3n <=> n = 36
u1 u2 u3 u4 u5
c.
-5 -2 1 4 7
u3 u5
u4 l trung im ca on u3u5 hay u4 , tng t vi u3 v u2
2
 3. CP S CNG

III/ TNH CHT CC S HNG CA CP S CNG :

NH L 2 :
Trong cp s cng , mi s hng (tr s hng u v cui ) u l trung
bnh cng ca hai s hng ng k vi n ,ngha l
uk 1 uk 1
uk .(k 2)
2

CHNG MINH : gi s (un) l cp s cng vi d l cng sai

Theo nh ngha cp s cng :
uk-1 = uk d (1)
uk+1 = uk+ d (2)
uk 1 uk 1
Cng (1) vi (2): uk-1+ uk+1 = 2uk <=> uk .(k 2)
2
 3. CP S CNG
I. NH NGHA (u ) l cp s cng:
n

un+1 = un + d, n N*

II. S HNG TNG QUT

NH L 1:

un = u1 + (n 1)d, n 2
III. TNH CHT CC S HNG
CA CP S CNG :
NH L 2 :

uk uk 1
uk 1, (k 2)
2
 Hng dn hc bi nh

1. Khi nim cp s cng, cng thc truy hi ca cp s cng?

2. Cng thc tnh s hng tng qut ca cp s cng?
3. Tnh cht cc s hng ca cp s cng?
Lm bi tp:1, 2 - SGK T97