II.

Reaksi Antigen-Antibodi
Komponen pengenal Antibodi
 Immune system

Adaptive
Innate (nonspecific)
(specific)
1st line of defense
2nd line of defense

Cellular Humoral Cellular Humoral

components components components components
 How antibodies binds antigen?
ANTIGEN Recognition: SELF AND NONSELF

T-Cells B-Cells
 Antibody production:
Antibodies are made by B-Cells.
but T-cells contain antibody-like structure
Antigen
Binding Sites

T-Cells B-Cells

Cell Humoral
mediated
 Antibody production:
Antibodies are made by B-Cells.
Stem-Immature-Naive-Active-Memory
T-Cells binds on APC

APC surface: Peptide Presenting

Molecule

MHC: Major histocompatibility

Complex
Cell surface proteins which
essential for immune systems.
HLA: Human Leukocyte Antigen
 Cell mediated Immunity:
MHC proteins
Self Target
MHC-I MHC-II

Peptide from Peptide from

inside outside
Extracellular
intracelllular
 MHC-I
VIRUS ATTACK

VIRAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Cytotoxin direct kills

Cell mediated immunities

T-KILLER
 MHC-II
Extracellular unknown particles: internalized in
Endosome/Lysosome of in B-Cells

Antibodies Production
Humoral immunities,
T-Helper
 Humoral
Immunities

Antibodies
binding:
host defense
against
infiltrator

e.x Bacterial
toxins
Janeway et al, Immunobiology, 2010
Fig. 1.24
How to detect Antigen / Antibody?

ELISA
How to detect Antigen / Antibody?

1. Sandwich ELISA
How to detect Antigen / Antibody?
2. Direct ELISA
 Immune system

Adaptive
Innate (nonspecific)
(specific)
1st line of defense
2nd line of defense

Cellular Humoral Cellular Humoral

components components components components
Adaptive (Specific) Immunity
maintain environment in tissues
destroy specific invader (damaged tissues with
MHC recognition)
Done by: T & B cells

Innate (Non-specific) immunity

Foreign materials, damaged tissues
Local chemical signals produced:
kinins and histamines stimulates vasodilation
Pirogen affects temperature regulator in brain
raise of temperature
inhibit pathogen activity
 Innate and Adaptive immunity
Innate immunity
non-specific immunity
Happens straight away at
first hours
Can not be modulated
Can not be adopted
Recognize general structure
of pathogenic groups
Cell : granulocyte (leucocyte
polimorphonukleus=PMN)
Physical and chemical
barrier : skin, stomach acid,
mucous or tears
Acquired/adaptive immunity
Spesific immunity
Happens slower
Can be modulated
Can be adopted
Recognize different 3
dimensional of various target
molecule (antigen)
Cell : round nucleus cell
(leucocyte & makrophages)
Antigen specific activity by T-
cells and specific antibody
production by B-cells
PROPERTY OF IMMUNE SYSTEM
 Development of the immune system
Bone Marrow Thymus
Tissues
Stem cell
Granulocyte T cell

Myeloid Lymphoid
progenitor progenitor NK cell

Mast cell

B cell
Monocyte

2 Lymphoid
Macrophage
Dendritic cell Plasma Cell
 Cells of adaptive immune system
Lymphocytes
B cells
Plasma cells (Ab producing)
T cells
Cytotoxic (CTL)
Helper (Th)
Th1
Th2
Th17
T-reg
 Cells of innate immune system
Phagocytes
Monocytes/macrophages
PMNs/neutrophils
NK cells
Basophils and mast cells
Eosinophils
Platelets
Phagocytes neutrophils (PMNs)

Characteristic nucleus,
cytoplasm
Granules
CD66 membrane
Neutrophil marker protein

Geimsa stain
Source: www.dpd.cdc.gov
Characteristics of neutrophil granules

Primary granules Secondary granules

Azurophilic; young neutrophils Specific for mature neutrophils
Contain: Contain:
cationic proteins, lysozyme, Lysozyme,
defensins, elastase and NADPH oxidase components
and
myeloperoxidase Lactoferrin and B12-binding
protein
Phagocyte response to infection
The SOS signals
N-formyl methionine-
containing peptides
Clotting system peptides
Complement products
Cytokines released by
tissue macrophages
Phagocyte response
Vascular adherence
Diapedesis
Chemotaxis
Activation
Phagocytosis and killing

SOM PathMicro online textbook

 Phagocytosis
A. Attachment via receptors
A
FcR, complement R, scavenger R,
Toll-like R

B. Pseudopod extension B

C. Phagosome formation

D. Granule fusion and

Phagolysosome formation
D
 Phagocytes macrophages
Characteristic nucleus
lysosomes
Macrophage CD14 membrane
marker protein

Source: Dr. Peter Darben, Queensland

University of Technology, used with permission
Macrophage digest the apoptotic
body through phagocytose
Natural killer (NK) cells
Also known as large
granular lymphocytes
(LGL)
Kill virus-infected or
transformed cells
Identified by the
CD56+/CD16+/CD3-
Activated by IL-2 and
IFN- to become LAK
cells
 Natural killer (NK) cells

NCR: Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor

Incorrect Pass: Incorrect MHC-I
Direct Kill
 Eosinophils
Characteristic bi-lobed
nucleus
Cytoplasmic granules,
stain with acidic dyes
(eosin)
Major basic protein
(MBP)
Potent toxin for
helminths
Kill parasitic worms
Source: Bristol Biomedical Image Archive,
used with permission
 Mast cells
Characteristic
cytoplasmic granules
Responsible for burst
release of preformed
cytokines, chemokines,
histamine
Source:
Role in immunity
against parasites
 Dendritic cells
Antigen presenting cells
process antigen material
and present it on the cell
surface to the T cells of the
immune system
present in those tissues
that are in contact with
Source: the external environment,
such as the skin and the
inner lining of the nose,
lungs, stomach and
intestines.
 Platelets / Thrombocytes
stop bleeding by
clumping and clotting
blood vessel injuries

Source:
 Cellular components
Cell Mechanism
Neutrophils Phagocytosis and intracellular killing
Inflammation and tissue damage
Macrophages Phagocytosis and intracellular killing
Extracellular killing of infected or
altered self targets
Tissue repair
Antigen presentation for specific
immune response
NK and LAK Killing of virus-infected and altered self
cells targets
Eosinophils Killing of certain parasites
Major distinguishing markers
Marker B cell CTL T-helper
Antigen R BCR TCR TCR
(surface Ig)
CD3 -- + +
CD4 -- -- +
CD8 -- + --
CD19/ CD20 + -- --
CD40 + -- --
 Specificity of adaptive immune
response
Resides with Ag R on T
and B cells TCR Ag
T cell
TCR and BCR both
specific for only ONE
antigenic determinant
TCR is monovalent BCR
BCR is divalent B cell
 Cells of the immune system
Immune system

Myeloid cells Lymphoid cells

Granulocytic Monocytic T cells B cells NK cells

Neutrophils Macrophages Helper cells

Basophils Kupffer cells Suppressor cells Plasma cells
Eosinophils Dendritic cells Cytotoxic cells
TERIMA KASIH