Ali Haider

Reg# 2142021
Course: System programing
 Topic
Hardware , operating system , taskmanager

1.Types 2.Uses 3.pictures

 Hardware
Computer hardware is the physical parts or components of a computer,
such as monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, hard disk drive
(HDD), graphic card, sound card, memory (RAM), motherboard, and so
on, all of which are tangible physical objects.
Types of hardware
The physical parts that make up a computer are called hardware. A computer enables hardware components to work
together to store, retrieve and process data. The computer uses software (programs or sets of instructions) to carry out
the storage, retrieval and processing of data.
There are four types of hardware devices:

Types of Hardware Function and examples

used to insert or supply data to the computer
Input devices examples include the keyboard, mouse and a memory
(USB) stick
used to process data using program instructions
Processing and examples include the motherboard, CPU (central
Internal memory devices processing unit) and main memory or RAM (Random
Access Memory)

used to display data and programs from the computer

Output devices examples include a computer monitor or screen, and
a printer

used to store programs and data

Storage devices examples include the hard disk drive and optical disk
drive
Uses of Computer Hardware Components
Hard Disk

The hard disk drive is a rectangular, metallic box found

inside a desktop computer's tower casing. All the
information in a computer, including the OS (operating
system), installed applications and programs and user
documents are stored in the hard disk. At any given time, a
computer operator only works on a small portion of all the
data stored in a computer's hard disk. For example, when
you are working on a word processor, other applications
such as the Web browser and DVD player are not being
used, but they are still stored in the hard disk. When you
download a file, or install a software, you record the
information on the computer's hard disk.
RAM & Processor

Like the hard disk, a computer's RAM (random-

access memory) and processor are also internal
components. RAM modules fit into predefined slots
on the motherboard, and the total RAM of a
computer depends on the capacities of the individual
modules. When a user opens a program, the
computer loads it on RAM from the hard disk,
because the RAM is much faster, and the processor
can manipulate RAM data more efficiently. When the
program is closed, all data associated with the
program is unloaded. In essence, the RAM is the
computer's work bench, where only information
needed at the time is temporarily stored for the
processor to work on.
Input & Output Devices

A computer uses input devices to take instructions

from the operator. Common input devices include
the keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone and
webcam. Without an input device, a user would not
be able to feed information to, or interact with a
computer; when you click on the Web browser icon
and type in a URL, you are using the mouse and
keyboard to instruct the computer to execute certain
processes. Output devices such as the display
monitor, speakers and printer enable the computer
to give information back to the user after executing
tasks. When the computer displays a Web page, it
has already taken an input from the user (the typed-
in URL), and processed the information before
giving feedback through its monitor.
Removable Media

Optical drives such as CD-ROM and DVD-ROM and

the now obsolete floppy-disk drive, are examples of
removable media, which are usually held inside the
tower casing. Removable media allow a computer to
access information that is not stored inside the hard
disk. When you insert a DVD to watch a movie, the
computer is able to play the content because the
DVD-ROM is able to access the data on the disc
and forward it to the computer. Another type of
removable media is flash drives, which are small
USB-based devices used to store and transfer data
between computers.
 operating system
The operating system (OS) is the most important program that runs on a
computer. Every general-purpose computer must have an operating system to
run other programs and applications . Computer operating systems perform
basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard , sending output to
the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and
controlling peripheral devices such as printers.
Image: Operating System Diagram
Types of operating systems
Multi-user:

Allows two or more users to run programs at the same time.

Some operating systems permit hundreds or even thousands
of concurrent users.

Multiprocessing :

Supports running a program on more than one CPU.

Multitasking :

Allows more than one program to run concurrently.

Multithreading :

Allows different parts of a single program to run concurrently.

Real time:
Responds to input instantly. General-purpose operating
systems, such as DOS and UNIX, are not real-time.
 Templated

In an OS, distributed and cloud computing context,

templating refers to creating a single virtual machine
image as a guest operating system, then saving it as a
tool for multiple running virtual machines. The technique is
used both in virtualization and cloud computing
management, and is common in large server warehouses.

Embedded

Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in

embedded computer systems. They are designed to
operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy.
They are able to operate with a limited number of
resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient
by design. Windows CE and Minix 3 are some examples
of embedded operating systems.
Popular Operating Systems

The three most popular types of operating systems for

personal and business computing include Linux, Windows
and Mac.

1 Linux Operating Systems

Linux is a freely distributed open source operating system
that runs on a number of hardware platforms. The Linux
kernel was developed mainly by Linus Torvalds and it is
based on Unix.
2 Windows Operating Systems
Microsoft Windows is a family of operating systems for
personal and business computers. Windows dominates
the personal computer world, offering a graphical user
interface (GUI), virtual memory management,
multitasking, and support for many peripheral devices.
3 Mac Operating Systems
Mac OS is the official name of the Apple Macintosh
operating system. Mac OS features a graphical user
interface (GUI) that utilizes windows, icons, and all
applications that run on a Macintosh computer have a
similar user interface.
 Task manager
A task manager is a system monitor program used to provide information about the processes
and programs running on a computer, as well as the general status of the computer. Some
implementations can also be used to terminate processes and programs, as well as change the
processes priority. In some environments, users can access a task manager by pressing the
buttons Control-Alt-Delete.

Task managers can display currently running services (processes) as well as those that were
stopped. They can display information about the services (such as Process ID and group)
"Task Manager" or "Start Task Manager". It can
also be accessed by right-clicking on
the taskbar and selecting "Task Manager".
Below are visual examples of the Microsoft
Windows Task Manager in Windows 2000,
Windows 7, and Windows 8.

Windows 8 Task Manager

Windows 7 Task Manager
Windows 2000 Task Manager
Explanation of the tabs in Task Manager
Applications Tab that has been included with all versions of
Windows except Windows 8. The Applications tab
shows all open programs running on the computer.
For most users, this is the tab they visit the most,
as it is the tab you'll want to go to when a
program has locked up and you need to End
Task that program.

Tab that has been included with all versions of Windows

Processes including Windows 8. The Processes tab shows all Windows
processes currently running on the computer. In Windows 8,
Microsoft combined the Applications and Processes tab into
the Processes tab, so in addition to the processes and services,
Windows 8 also shows all running programs.
Services Tab that has been included with all versions of
Windows that shows all of the Windows
Services currently running on the computer.

Performance Tab that has been included with all versions of

Windows that displays the computers system
available system resources including how much
CPU, Memory, Disk Drive, Wi-Fi, and Network is
being used. Newer versions of Windows also
show the chart of usage for each of these as
they are being used. At the bottom of this tab is
also a quick link to the Resource Monitor.
Networking Tab that has been included with all versions of Windows except
Windows 8. The Networking tab shows all network traffic
happening on the computer this will include any LAN or Wireless
networking traffic.

Users Tab that has been included with all versions of Windows. The
Users tab shows all the users who are logged into the computer.
In Windows 8, the Users tab also shows the processes that each
user is running.

App history A tab introduced with Windows 8 that shows the overall history
of each of the Windows 8 Apps that have ran on the computer
(not to be confused with the traditional Windows programs).
Startup A tab introduced with Windows 8 that shows each of
the programs that startup each time the computer starts, as well
as the impact they have on the computer's load time. From the
Startup tab you can also disable the startup programs from this
section of Task Manager.

Details A tab introduced with Windows 8 that gives full details of each of
the processes running on the computer.
The End