DISTILATION COLUMN

PIPING & STRESS

ANALYSIS

PREPARED BY

NAVIN KUMAR
TCE CONSULTING ENGINEERS
KOLKATA

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 LET US DISCUSS
Distillation Process
Significance.
Distillation Column Means To :-
1) Process Department
2) Mechanical Department
3) Piping Department
Types Of Distillation Columns :-
1) Absorption & Stripping
2) Fractionation
Distillation Column Piping Study.
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PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

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 DISTILLATION

The Distillation is a Process of separation of

constituents of a Liquid Mixture & separate
Recovery of Vapor Residue.

Various Kinds of devices Called Plates or Trays

are used to bring the two phases in intimate
contact. The trays are stacked one above other
& enclosed in a Cylindrical Shell To Form An
Equipment what we call as

Distillation Column

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 TERMS USED IN DISTILLATION
PROCESS
FEED :-
Feed is a Material which is to be
separated into fractions.
It is Introduced at One or more Points
Along the Column Shell.
Due to Difference on the Gravity between
Liquid Phase & Vapor Phases, the Liquid
Runs Down the column Cascading From
tray to Tray while the vapor goes up the
Column, Contacting the Liquid at each
tray.

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 TERMS USED IN DISTILLATION
PROCESS
ABSORPTION & STRIPPING :-
Many operations in
Petrochemical Plants require
the Absorption of component
of gas streams into lean oils or
Solvent.
The resultant rich oil is then
stripped or Denuded of the
Absorbed Materials. The
Greatest use of this operation
utilizes Hydro carbon
materials but the Principles
are applicable to other systems
provided adequate equilibrium
data is available.

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 TERMS USED IN DISTILLATION
PROCESS
FRACTIONATION :-
Fractionation Column is a
type of still.

Crude oil is a typical feed for

such a Fractionation column
& from it, the column can
form simultaneously several
distillates such as Wax
distillate, Gas oil, Heating
oil, Naphta, & Fuel gas.

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 TERMS USED IN DISTILLATION
PROCESS
FRACTIONATION :-
The feed is heated in the
furnace before it enters
the Column.
As the feed enters in the
Column, quantities of
vapor are given off by
flashing due to release of
of pressure of the feed.
As the vapor rise up
the column, they come in
intimate contact with
down flowing Liquid.
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 TERMS USED IN DISTILLATION
PROCESS
FRACTIONATION :-
During this contact, some of
the higher components of the
vapor are condensed &some
of the higher components of
the down flowing liquids are
vaporized.

This process is termed as

REFLUXING.

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 TERMS USED IN DISTILLATION
PROCESS
REBOILER :-
The reboiler can be thought
of as a pot sitting on Heating
surface of a Stove top.

In order to create & sustain

two phases Needed for the
separation, Heat exchanger
must be regulated to the
Column.

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 TERMS USED IN DISTILLATION
REBOILER :- PROCESS
The Reboiler is a large heat
transfer unit that is Generally
located outside of the column
shell of the distillation
column.

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 DISTILLATION COLUMN INTERNALS

Column internals are

based on the internal
details i.e.
1) Plate Type.
In Plate type the
lighter hydrocarbons
vaporize & flow up
through the holes in
the tray type making.

2) Packed Column

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INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR PIPING

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INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR PIPING

A TYPICAL CROSS SECTTION OF A PIPE RACK

RUNNING THROUGH THE TOWER OF A
REFINARY PLANT
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INFORMATION REQUIRED FOR PIPING

A TYPICAL PLAN OF EQUIPMENTS LOCATED IN THE

REFINARY TYPE OF PLANTS HIGHLIGHTING
MAINTENANCE ACCESS
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 GENERAL PIPING ARRANGEMENT OF
COLUMN PIPING

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF COLUMN PIPING TCE Consulting Engineers Limited

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 SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING STUDY

All the available information/ data from equipment specification & P&I D will be written on the elevation view of the column
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SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING STUDY

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SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING STUDY

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SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING STUDY

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SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING STUDY

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SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING STUDY

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 SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING STUDY

OTHER LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS :-

Tall Column (Here after called TOWERS ) requires large

Transportation access through the Unit facilities for lifting after
adjacent structures are Erected. Check the foundation clearance
when locating the towers adjacent to structures & between towers.
If additional supports are required for the overhead vapor lines,
consider extending the structure column to assist.

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 SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING STUDY
OTHER LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS:-

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 SEQUENCE OF COLUMN PIPING STUDY

OTHER LAYOUT
CONSIDERATIONS :-
Where possible link the
Platforms & ladders to adjacent
structure, Providing the additional
access & escape Routes. Check
with stress section for Piping
Flexibility & Reboiler supports.

Also check the Pump NPSH

Requirement while going for the
Bottom pump Piping.

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NOZZLE ORIENTATION COLUMN PIPING
STUDY

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NOZZLE ORIENTATION COLUMN PIPING
STUDY

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NOZZLE ORIENTATION COLUMN PIPING
STUDY

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NOZZLE ORIENTATION COLUMN PIPING
STUDY

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NOZZLE ORIENTATION COLUMN PIPING
STUDY

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ACCESS & MAINTENANCE FACILITY

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ACCESS & MAINTENANCE FACILITY

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ACCESS & MAINTENANCE FACILITY

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ACCESS & MAINTENANCE FACILITY

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PLATFORM & LADERS

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PLATFORM & LADERS

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PLATFORM & LADERS

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PLATFORM & LADERS

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PLATFORM & LADERS

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PLATFORM & LADERS

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PLATFORM & LADERS

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PLATFORM & LADERS

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PLATFORM & LADERS

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PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS
IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

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PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS
IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

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PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS
IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

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PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS
IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

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PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS
IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

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PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS
IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

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PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS
IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

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PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS
IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

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PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS
IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

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PIPE STRESS ANALYSIS CONSIDERATIONS
IN
DISTILLATION COLUMN PIPING.

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PICTURES

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PICTURES

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PICTURES

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CONCLUSION

Distillation Column is very

important from Refinery point
of view.

It helps to distillate the

Petroleum Products from Crude oil.

Thank You .
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