Академический Документы
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Shurouq Qadose
4/3/2008
Disampaikan oleh:
Prof. Nursalam
An activity exercise pattern refers to a
person's routine of exercise, activity,
leisure, and recreation. It includes:
Activities of daily living (ADL) that
require energy expenditure such as
hygiene, cooking , shopping, eating ,
working.
Type, quality, and quantity of exercises,
including sports.
Ligaments; tough fibrous bands that bind
joints together & connect bones & cartilages.
Tendon; strong, flexible, inelastic fibrous band
that attach muscle to bone.
Cartilage; nonvascular connective tissue found
in the joint s as well as in the nose, ear, thorax,
trachea and larynx
Physiology of Movement
The following physiology of movement is:
Skeletal system; the bones and cartilage that protect our
organ and allow us to move are called skeletal system.
The function of this system include:
Maintain body posture by supporting the soft tissue
Protect the delicate structures of the body such as
brain, heart and spinal cord
Furnishes surface for attachments of muscles
tendons and ligaments
Storage areas of minerals salts and fats.
Produce blood cells
Muscular system; provide functions for the body
through
contraction
Motion
Maintenance of posture
Heat production
The 3 types of muscles are 1) Skeletal 2) Cardiac 3)
Smooth or visceral muscles.
Muscles have two different points of attachments:
The attachment of a muscle to the more stationary
bone is called the Point of Origin.
The attachment to the more movable bone is the
Point of Insertion
Nervous System; the nerve impulses stimulate
muscles to contract.
Body Mechanics; is the efficient use of the body
as a machine and as a mean of locomotion,
correct body mechanics lead to health
promotion and illness prevention so the
responsibility of the nurse to apply the body
mechanics and to teach others .
Types of Joint Movement
Flexion: decreases the angle of the joint" bending the
elbow"
Extension: Increasing the angle of the joint "
straightening the arm at the elbow"
Hyperextension: further extension or straightening of a
joint " bending the head backward"
Abduction: movement of the bone away from the
midline of the body
Adduction: movement of the bone toward the midline
of the body
Rotation: movement of the bone around its central axis
Circumduction: movement of the distal part of the
bone in a circle while the proximal end remains fixed.
Eversion: Turning the sole of the foot outward by
moving the ankle joint
Inversion: Turning the sole of the foot inward by
moving the ankle joint.
Pronation: moving the bones of the forearm so that the
palm of the hand faces downward when held in front
of the body.
Supination: moving the bones of the forearm so that
the palm of the hand faces upward when held in front
of the body.
Exercise
Is a type of physical activity defined as a
planned, structured, and repetitive bodily
movement performed to improve or maintain
one or more components of physical fitness.
Types of exercise:
Exercise can be classified according to the type of
muscle contraction to:-
Isotonic exercise; in which the muscle shortens to
produce muscle contraction and active movement.
Example; running, swimming, walking. This increase
muscle mass, tone and strength, increase cardiac and
respiratory and circulatory functions.
Isometric exercise; in which there is muscle contraction
without moving the joint shortening. An example
includes squeezing a towel or pillow between the
knees. These exercises are useful for strengthening
abdominal, quadriceps and gluteal muscles so the
nurse encourage both isotonic and isometric exercises
for the hospitalized clients.
Isokinetic exercises; involve muscle contraction with
resistance example include rehabilitation exercises for
the knee and elbow injuries.
OR exercise can be classified according to the
source of energy to:-
Aerobic exercise is activity during which the
amount of oxygen taken in the body is greater
than that used to perform the activity. An
example walking, running.
Anaerobic exercise involves activity in which
the muscles cannot draw out enough oxygen
from the bloodstream, and anaerobic pathways
are used to provide additional energy for a
short time. An example weight lifting.
FACTORS AFFECTING BODY ALIGNMENT AND ACTIVITY
Planning
Implementing
Nursing strategies to maintain or promote body
alignment and mobility involve positioning
clients appropriately, moving and turning
clients in bed, transferring clients, providing
ROM exercises, ambulating clients with or
without mechanical aids.