L1: Culture and Society

Relationships and Differences

 Objectives
Define culture vis-a-vis society;
Determine the relationship between culture and society; and
Explain how culture spreads and expands in different cultures.
 What is a society?
/ssd/ so-ci-ety

Came from the word latin word societas which means

companion.
It is an organized group of people who live together and are
connected with one another. They share a common culture.
It could be an organized economy, village, city etc.
 CHARACTERISTICS
In simple terms, society implies the bunch of people who
organize themselves and lives together in a particular
geographical area and come in contact with each other.

The members of the society share common attributes like

values, traditions and customs.

They also share similar cultures and religion.

 Example

GROUP A GROUP B GROUP C

SOCIETY
 What is culture?
/klCHr/ Cul-ture
Came from the latin word Culturare which means to tend
or to cultivate, referring to manners or practices.

refers to the set of beliefs, practices, learned behavior and

moral values that are passed on, from one generation to
another.

It is something that differentiates us humans from animals.

 It is described as the peoples way to live such as their learned
behavior, values, morals, art, law, symbols, lifestyle which they
accept completely without any second thought in mind.

In general, culture is handed down through the generations, by

communication, teaching and imitation.
CHARACTERISTICS of CULTURE- LSCDD

L earned
S hared
C umulative
D ynamic
D iverse
 Can different cultures be passed on?

GROUP A
(Fishing and Hunting)
NEWLY FORMED GROUP B GROUP C
SOCIETY
Fishing, Hunting + (Technology) (Technology)
Technology
Yes! Through the process called DIFFUSION. DIFFUSION is defined as the passing of a cultural
trait of one group or individual to the other.

If DIFFUSION takes place within a group, then it is called PRIMARY DIFFUSION, while if it takes
place between groups, then it is called INTERGROUP DIFFUSION.
 Culture as a system of Norms
Culture provides us with guidelines for actions; how we do our
daily tasks, how we live our lives, and our interaction with
others.
In short, it tells us how things should be done.
 The System of Norms
FOLKWAYS OR
NORMS CUSTOMS MORES LAWS TECNICWAYS INSTITUTIONS

Are nothing but Behavior pattern A folkway that Are mores that Social adjustment When folkways
a behavioral of a society that has taken a moral have become to technological and mores
expectation; an has become value or bears a legal because of advancement. become so
idea on how repetitive and moral value in codification, and integrated, they
people are organized; Are the itself. has become
supposed to act. norms that have corresponding formalized and
become accepted consequences meets the needs
by each individual when violated. of the society
in a society.

Ex: Rural ties Ex: Governs how Ex: respect for Ex: Stealing is a Ex: Traffic rules Ex: The
;when a relative generations do authority, rituals, morally wrong and regulations. Government;
passes away. everyday things in marriage act, when Without the Family,
their lives. recorded, it technological education,
becomes advancement of economy,
punishable. For it cars, no traffic religion.
to become rules exist.
punishable, a law
must be made
against it.
 Relationships of Culture
With a group It is through the possession of a common
culture that the members acquire a sense of unity.
With an individual as mentioned earlier, culture provides an
individual with guidelines on how to live his life.
How is culture erased?
L2: ORIGINS OF SOCIETY
In the Filipino Context: Evolution
 Objectives
Discuss the societal structure of each time period of Philippine
History.
Explain each structure with regard to the hierarchy and
placement of authority
 Timeline: Societies
Pre-colonial
Colonial
1.) Spanish Colonial
2.) American Colonial
3.) Japanese Colonial
Third Republic Martial Law
2000s and beyond
 Pre-colonial Era Societies
Societies tend to move from place to place, or establish tribes ,
to either:
A. Establish a community of people
B. Strengthen the groups against external dangers
C. Occupy a certain territory to establish power
 Two kinds of societies during the Pre-
Colonial Era
TRIBAL
Stays in a fixed location where they feel most
comfortable and at ease; where food and shelter are the
most abundant and easy to find.
As to form of leadership: Tribal Leaders/Elders who form
the tribal council; Creates the laws of the tribe and the
punishments for its violation.
Fixed location; may move away or create new tribes if
internal problems happen.
NOMADIC
Tend to move from one location to another; for purposes
of security or food collection, gathering, and hoarding.
As to form of leadership: Nomadic Leaders who decide
where to go next; assigns scouts to determine if the area
is suitable for temporary habitation.
They have no permanent address or location; They will
leave if the area has no more food or resources.
TRIBAL SOCIETY
RULING/ LAW MERCHANT CLASS SLAVE CLASS
MAKING CLASS
NOMADIC SOCIETY
RELIGION
PRE COLONIAL CULTURE
LANGUAGE LAWS AND SYSTEMS
The worship of The written language The Code of Kalantiao
Diwatas, Anitos, and called baybayin
Nature Spirits which which was the origin A written code of laws
are believed to have of all Filipino that establishes
powers over the wordings. punishment to the
weather; grants Its called in Visayan as people who violate them
favors for those who badlit, and known in
pray to them. Ilocano as kur-
itan/kurditan, is an
ancient Philippine
script derived from
Brahmic scripts of
India and first
recorded in the 16th
century.
Colonial Stage
 3 Colonizing Countries
Spain
America
Japan (due to World War II)
 What did the Spaniards want?
The 3 Gs
1. GOLD Because of the high value of spices located near our
shores;
2. GLORY they wanted to expand Spains territory; and
3. GOD they wanted to spread Catholicism.
 Colonial Society
It all begun when a Portuguese
explorer landed on Homonhon
island and at the mouth of Leyte
Gulf on March 16, 1521.

The explorers name is Ferdinand

Magellan, sailing with the Spanish
flag commissioned by King Charles V
of Spain.
 On Easter Sunday, 31 March 1521, at
Limasawa Island, Southern Leyte,
Magellan solemnly planted a cross on
the summit of a hill overlooking the
sea and claimed possession of the
islands he had seen for the king of
Spain, naming them Archipelago of
Saint Lazarus.
 He then discovered Sugbo (Cebu
Island) and created an alliance
with Datu Zula, and then
converted into Roman Catholic
religion.

Magellan, with 60 men and Datu

Zula with 1000 men attacked
Mactan Island, home to a rival of
Datu Zula.
 The ruler of the Island
is called Kaliph Pulaka
(Muslim Name) or
Lapu-Lapu in known
culture with 1500
men,and so,the battle
of Mactan happened.
 Later, the Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
expedition of 1565 that originated and
was organized from Mexico city marked
the beginning of the Hispanisation of
the Philippines.

It was in Cebu, the Philippine Church

and Christianity began.
 This expedition was an effort
to occupy the islands with as
little bloodshed and conflict as
possible, ordered by Phillip II.

Lieutenant Legazpi was in

charge of making peace with
the natives and through swift
military conquest. To do so, he
set up colonies.
 THE BARANGAY SYSTEM
When the first Spaniards arrived
in the Philippines in the 16th
century, they found well-
organized independent villages
called barangays.

From the word BALANGHAI OR

BALANGAY, which means
sailboat.
 The are comprised with 50 The Barangays officials back
100 families, but later on then were ruled by the
expanded by the time the PRINCIPALIA or ruling
Spaniards came. class
Under the PRINCIPALIA, we
have the CABEZA DE
BARANGAY, the one in
charge of the tax collection.
 SOCIAL CLASSES
This colonial stage introduced 3 classes:
1. The Datus and Rajas
2. The Maharlikas
3. Timawas
4. Alipins
 CULTURAL INFLUENCES
RELIGION
The Roman Catholic faith was
brought in this country at the time
Magellan Landed.
Along with this faith, comes with
the values of the Catholicism.
LANGUAGE
Due to the Spaniards being in
Philippine soil, baybayin was
integrated with the Spanish
Language, creating the words:
CUCHILLO(KUTSILYO),
CUBIERTOS (KUBYERTOS),
VINTANA (BINTANA), and other
words.
TECHNOLOGY
The first printing press in the
Country
Printing and publishing began in
the Philippines with the arrival of
the Spanish in 1565. Encountering
an enormous number of native
languages, the Spaniards felt a
pressing need to describe the
languages most commonly spoken
in the archipelago in order to
communicate with the Filipinos.
American Colonization
 Started when?
During the Battle of Manila Bay
When Spain surrendered the Philippines to the US upon signing
of the Treaty Of Paris on December 10, 1898.
 The Treaty of Paris
Was an agreement made in 1898
that involved Spain relinquishing
nearly all of the remaining
Spanish Empire, especially Cuba,
and giving Puerto Rico, Guam,
and the Philippines to the United
States.
 CULTURAL INFLUENCE
LANGUAGE RELIGION CULTURE
American English Methodist/Protestant Religions Colonial Mentality
THE THIRD PHILIPPINE
REPUBLIC
July 4, 1946- Sept. 23, 1972
 The provisions of the 1935 Constitution defined the
government structure, which provided for the
establishment of three co-equal branches of
government.
 Executive power rests in the President, legislative
power in two Houses of Congress and judicial power
in the Supreme Court, and inferior courts.

Separation of powers is recognized.

II. Administrations under The Third
Republic
A. The Roxas Administration
 A. The Roxas Administration
From May 28, 1946 to April 15, 1948

Roxas became the first President of the New Republic

having been elected on April 23, 1946.

Although Roxas was successful in getting rehabilitation

funds from the US after Independence, he was forced to
concede military bases, and special privileges for US
property owners and investors.
 A. The Roxas Administration
His administration was marred by graft and
corruption.

Roxas did not stay long in his office because of a

heart attack on April 15, 1948.