,
,
.
?
2H 2 + O 2 2H 2 O G 0 = 456 ,
(1) ,
(2) .
, ,
,
.
,
.
- ( )
( )
( ).
:
+ + DD
1 dC A 1 dCB
V
A d B d
1 dC C 1 dCD
C d D d
CA + + DD
2 1
C2 > C1 V.
t 2 t1 t
C1
2 1
C2 C2 < C 1 V.
t2 t1 t
t1 t2 t
-
, ,
( )
,
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
:
: + C+ DD
= k CAnA CBnB ,
,
k
nA, nB
n = nA + nB
K
-
, 1 /,
k [A] = [B] =1
K
K,
.
,
, .
n = 0, 1, 2,3,,
, ,
nA, =A, nB =B , n = A + B
,
,
.
- , ,
, ,
.
()
,
= k CAA CB B
( )
,
.
.
:
,
,
.
C
d
Ci tg
dt
ti t
. : AB
dC
d
kC
1) ()
= - dC / dt = k (C0/2)
- dC/ (C0/2) = k dt
ln (C0 / (C0/2) = k t => t = ln2 / k
2)
ln ( C0 / (C0 Co) ) = k t => t = ln (1 / (1-) ) / k
3)
0 => t
.
..
,
,
.
( )
,
,
.
(, /)
,
.
: Ea RT Ea RT
k p z e A e
k ,
,
p ;
z 1 3 ;
,
R ,
T
,
-
'
Ea()
()
E. +
> 0
. +
()> () -
-
'
. +
. + H < 0
-
,
/
A2 + B2 2AB - Ea [ 60 - 240]
A + A A2 , Ea [ 1- 60 ]
A+ + - AB , Ea [ 0; ]
I I
+ 2 HI
I I
= 168 . = 571
E
k A RT
Ea 1
ln k ln A
R T
Ea
tg =
R
lnk
lnA Ea = tg R
1/T
-:
10
2-4
2 / 1 = n,
n = (2 1)/10
-
(1864 .) (1889 .)
10
24
(
),
,
()
-
, .
- ,
,
.
.
E .
k . A RT
Kat
Kat
+
++
+
. .
1)
.
2)
.
3) ,
.
4) .
5)
.
,
.
V
S
l
,
(
). .
.
:
1.
2. pH
3.
4.
5.
A B C
k1 k2
A L X
,
(2 > 1)
() .
,
.
A
K1
L
A M
K2
.
.
,
, ,
, (..
).
()
2-
. .
()
, - ..
:
. ():
l2 + h > 2 l
. :
2 + l >
l +
+ l2 > l + l
. ():
+ > 2
l + l > l2
+ l > l
.
-
CH2(COOH)2 + 4H2O2MnSO ,KIO
3CO2 + 6H2O
4 3
2 3
H O Mn
CH2(COOH)2 + HIO3 Mn HI-
2 2
H2O2 H2O2
I2
I2
( I< 0,4 ) ( I< 0,4 )
2 2
1 (III),
KBrO3
HO(O)C-CH(Br) C(O)OH.
.
2
3 .
4 -
Kat
62 + 62 + n h 6126 + 62
-
>> 1
H2 + Cl2 = 2HCl = 105
. 7.
1.
)
)
: ) 1) = 1-60
) 2) -
= 100-160
2. , ,
.
,
.
1 = kC2CNO2
n2=1; nNO=2; n.= n2+ nNO = 3 =
2 = kC 2(4CNO)2 = 16 1
: 16 .
.
3. ,
+
, .
20 ,
- () 2.
, % k, .-1
45 0,066
= 0,45 0 =>
1 = (1/k)ln [C0 /(0-0,45C0)] = (1/0,066)ln1,82 = 0,91 .
: 0,91 .; 0,23 .