Training Agenda

Date Day Section Topics Venue

20-Feb Day 1 Morning Overview of UPS System PWS/CYGAL

Overview of Electrical System
Lunch
Afternoon Hands on of Powerware 9340 100kVA UPS CYGAL
Hands on of Electrical System CYGAL

21-Feb Day 2 Morning Overview of Air Conditioning System PWS/CYGAL

Overview of FM200 Fire Suppression System PWS/CYGAL
Lunch
Afternoon Hands On of Air Conditioning System CYGAL
Hands On of FM200 Fire Suppression System CYGAL

22-Feb Day 3 Morning Overview of Central Monitoring System PWS/CYGAL

Overview of Water Detection System PWS/CYGAL
Lunch
Afternoon Hands On of Central Monitoring System CYGAL
Hands On of Water Detection System CYGAL

23-Feb Day 4 Morning Q&A PWS

Certificate presentation PWS
Lunch
Overview of UPS Systems
Power Phenomenon
 power failures

Definition: A total loss of utility

power

Cause: Can be caused by a number of

events: lightning strikes, downed power
lines, grid over demands, accidents and
natural disasters.A total loss of utility power
 power sag

Definition: Short term low voltage

Cause: Trigger by the startup of large loads,

utility switching, utility equipment failure,
lightning and power service that’s too small
for the demand. In addition to crashes, sags
can damage hardware.
 power surge
(spike)
Definition: Short term high voltage above
110% of nominal.

Cause: Can be caused by lightning strike

and can send line voltages to levels in
excess of 6,000 volts. A spike almost always
results in data loss or hardware damage.
 Under voltage
(brownout)
Definition: Reduced line voltage for
extended periods of a few minutes to a few
days.
Cause:Can be caused by an intentional
utility voltage reduction to conserve power
during peak demand periods or other heavy
loads that exceed supply capacity.
 Over voltage

Definition: Reduced line voltage for

extended periods of a few minutes to a few
days.
Cause:Overvoltage can be triggered by a
rapid reduction in power load, heavy
equipment being turn off, or by utility
switching. The results can potentially
damage hardware.
 Electrical line noise

Definition: High frequency waveform caused

by RFI or EMI interference.

Cause:Can be caused by either RFI or EMI

interference generated by transmitters,
welding devices, SCR driven printers,
lightning etc.
 Switching transient

Definition:Instantaneous undervoltage
(notch) in the range of nanoseconds

Cause:Normal duration is shorter than a

spike and generally falls in the range of
nanoseconds
 Harmonics distortion

Definition:Distortion of the normal line

waveform, generally transmitted by
nonlinear load
Cause:Switch mode power supplies, variable
speed motors and drives, copiers and fax
machines are example of non linear loads.
Can cause communication errors,
overheating and hardware damage.
What is UPS ??

Uninterruptible Power Supply

Systems

Basics functions:
a) Conditioning output
b) Provide continuous power during
utility failure
UPS Systems Topologies

• Standby/Offline system
• Line interactive system
• On line system
Standby/ Off Line
Low Pass
AC Filter Transfer
Input Switch

Inverter Inverter Rectifier

Battery

Charger Rectifier Inverter

High Frequency Transformer

Line Feeding Load

AC Transfer
Input Switch

Inverter Rectifier

Battery

Charger

High Frequency Transformer

Inverter Feeding Load

Transfer
Switch

Inverter

Battery

Rectifier Inverter

High Frequency Transformer

Low Pass
Filter

Charger

Battery

Inverter
50 Hz
Transformer
Normal operation

Low Pass
Filter

Charger

Battery

50 Hz
Transformer
Buck Operation

Low Pass
Filter

Charger

Battery

Inverter
50 Hz
Transformer
Boost Operation

Low Pass
Filter

Charger

Battery

Inverter
50 Hz
Transformer
Battery Operation

Battery

Inverter
50 Hz
Transformer
Double Conversion Topology

AC Transfer
Input Switch

Charger Rectifier Low Pass

Filter

Power
Factor Boost
Correction Converter Inverter

Battery
Normal Operation - Inverter feeding load

AC Transfer
Input Switch

Charger Rectifier Low Pass

Filter

Power
Factor
Correction
Inverter

Battery
Battery Operation - Inverter feeding load

Transfer
Switch

Boost
Converter Inverter

Battery
Bypass Operation- Bypass feeding load

Transfer
Switch

Charger Rectifier Low Pass

Filter

Power
Factor Boost
Correction Converter Inverter

Battery
Powerware 9340 UPS
Product Overview
• Double-conversion on-line
• 80,100,130 kVA
• Inherent reliability- built-in
redundancy
• Harmonic Control™ with
advanced
rectifier technology -3%
THD
• Advanced Battery
Management™
• 50% longer battery life
expectancy
• temperature
compensation
• Hot Sync®
• By far the most reliable
control technology for
parallel UPSs
9340-Single line functional block diagram

N
Bypass ( )
( )
Input
( )
RFI-filtering
Fuse Backfeed
Static
Separato Contactor
Switch
r
Rectifier

RFI-filtering
~

Transformer
Input UPS

~
Outpu
t

Output
Input
Circuit N
Breaker Battery Mech
Breaker Bypas
s

Battery
Fuses
Input harmonics--- feedback to mains
Phase angle

Power Factor
Power Factor

U
No phase
shift
Construction and assembly
 ON/OFF - switch

RS232 port for service outlet

telephone connector RJ45

Battery breaker

Service outlet - plug for e.g.

PC
Contactors,
fans
Battery Contactor

Backfeed
Contactor
Inverter output

Fan for
the static switch

Main Fans
Boards
Bypass aux. supply

Machine Control
Board
Auxiliary power
supply
Rectifier Control
Board
Inverter Control
Board
Rectifier

Inverter power stage

DC-link capacitors
Display
• Graphical LCD-display - display texts can be translated

LED Indicators
UPS ON Push-buttons
ON BATTERY Function buttons
ON BYPASS System Controls
NOTICE Alarm
ALARM
• Green LED : UPS is in normal or static bypass mode.

• Yellow LED : UPS is operating in battery mode.

• Yellow LED : UPS is on and is operating in bypass mode

• Yellow LED: There is an active notice that doesn’t requ

immediate action.
• Red LED: There is an active alarm that requires
immediate action.
HotSync®
Features of parallel config.

• Patented technology - familiar from PW

9315 Series
• For total module level redundancy
• Automatic load share routine
• Reliable operation also without
communication between the UPS
modules
HotSync
• New 3+1 parallel module with mechanical bypass switch
® • can be done at power distribution

By pass Load

Mains
Powerware Hot Sync™ Technology

Module 1 Module 2

MOB1 MOB2

Parallel Cabinet
Overview of Electrical
Systems
What is electrical system??
An interconnect cabling systems to
cater for the input and output to
the electrical equipments where
the necessary protecting devices
are installed to provide the safety
of human and the equipments.
Major components in electrical system

• Cables
• Switch boards
• Protective components
Electrical switchboard & Distribution Board
What is the function of cables ?

• To act as a media for the

transmission of electrons between
two node which have potential
difference.
Types of cables

• Single PVC Cable

• Double PVC cable
• XLPE Cable
• Fire Resistant cable
What is switch board ?

• It is an enclosure to house the

respective electrical protective
device and allocate space for the
cable termination.
Electrical Switchboard & Distribution Board
Switch Board

• Main Switch Board

• Sub Switch Board
• Output DB or PDU
Major components in the Switch Board

• Air Circuit Breaker (ACB)

• Earth Leakage Relay (ELR)
• Modular Case Circuit Breaker
(MCCB)
• Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)
• 102 Transfer Switch
• Switch Socket Outlet
Typical circuit of ELCB
Case Study

Telekom Call Centre

Single line drawing
Layout drawing
Precision Control Environmental Systems
Precision Air Conditioning

Why ???
 The Difference
Electronic Equipment

• Temperature
• Humidity
• Cleanliness
• Air Distribution
Human Comfort
Improper Environment

• High Humidity
• Board Tracking
• Short Circuit
• Silver Migration
• Intermittent Fault
• Low Humidity
• Static Electricity (>20,000V)
• Hardware Damages
 Improper Environment

• Wide Temperature Swing Close Control

• Condensation &
Corrosion Comfort
• Surface Deterioration Airconditioning
• Silver Migration

• Air Distribution
• Poor Temperature
Control
• Poor Humidity Control
• Hot Spots
CLOSE CONTROL
Vs
COMFORT CONTROL
 Investment

Computer Systems Represent a

substantial investment of tens of
thousands of pounds.
Heat, moisture and dirt can cause
breakdowns resulting in tremendous
financial costs.
To protect against these losses,
invest in close control air
conditioning.
CLOSE CONTROL AIR CONDITIONING
Primarily conditions sensitive
equipment

COMFORT AIR CONDITIONING

Primarily conditions people
CLOSE CONTROL APPLICATIONS
• Computer Rooms
• Telecommunications Switch Rooms
• Data Centres
• Laboratories
• Hospitals
• Banks
In General, areas that contain
sophisticated electrical/electronic
equipment.
Seven Elements Every Manager Should Know
About Telecomms/Computer Room Air
Conditioning

• Design condition
• Sensible Heat Ratio
• Load Density
• Air quantity/
quality/distribution
• Humidity control
• Annual usage
• Microprocessor Controls
 Electronic Environment

• High Component Failure / Reliability

Temperature

Thermal Shock / Fan Cycling

• Low Temperature

Short Circuits / Board Tracking

• High Humidity

Static Problems / HV Discharges

• Low Humidity
 Critical And Comfort Systems

Critical
Comfort
Temperature (OC) 21 - 23 18 -
27
Relative humidity (%RH) 45 - 55 No
Control
Filtration Level EU4 / EU7 Non
Specified
External Max Temp (OC) 35 28
External Min Temp (OC) -30 10
 Sensible Heat Ratio

• The amount of sensible cooling as a percentage

of total cooling capacity
• Comfort cooling SHR is 65 to 70%
• Close Control SHR normally >90%
• Look at AIR VOLUME, not just COOLING CAPACITY
 Load Density

• Comfort Applications are

designed 120 - 140 Watts per m2

• Data Centres / Switch Rooms

average 300 - 400 Watts per m2
 System Design
Low Load Low sensible heat ratio
Density Low air volume
Relatively low noise levels
Central plant ducted to/from
space
Cooling only in summer
Central heat rejection
High sensible heat ratio
High air volume
Relatively high noise levels
In - room equipment
Year round cooling
Independant heat rejection
High Load
Density
Air Quantity /Quality/
Distribution
• Data rooms and switch rooms
require greater air quantity

• EU4 / EU7 Filtration

• Air distribution pattern is

critical to AVOID HOT SPOTS
 Humidity Control

• Comfort coolers do not

usually provide humidity
control
• Close control provides
simultaneous control of
humidity and temperature
• Temperature and humidity
conditions must be just right
for computer rooms
 Annual Usage

• Typically comfort
coolers operate 8 hours a
day, 5 days a week during
Spring / Summer. 1200
hours/year
• Close control units
are designed and
manufactured to run ALL
DAY EVERY DAY
 Microprocessor Controls

• Maintain close control of room

conditions
• Full alarm annunciation
• Remote alarm reporting
• Full status display
• BMS compatibility
• Stored logged data of unit room
history
 Computer Room Problems

• Equipment Failure
• Hot Spots
• Low air quality
• Condensation
• Cleanliness
• Improper control of
temperature and humidity
 Investment

Computer Systems Represent a

substantial investment of tens of
thousands of pounds.
Heat, moisture and dirt can cause
breakdowns resulting in tremendous
financial costs.
To protect against these losses,
invest in close control air
conditioning.
Fundamentals of Air conditioning
Fundamentals of Air conditioning
• Technical Definitions
• Basic Refrigeration Cycle
• Functions Of Components
• Types Of Air Conditioning Systems
• Types Of Air Distribution Systems
• Heat Load Estimation
Technical Definitions
Evaporation
Term applied to the changing of a liquid
to a vapour
Condensation
Liquid or droplets which form when a
gas or vapour is cooled below its dew
point
Dew Point
Temperature at which vapour begins to
condense and deposit as liquid
Temperature
Measure of the degree or intensity of
heat of the environment or
atmosphere

Relative Humidity
Ratio of amount of water vapour
present in air to greatest amount
possible at same temperature
Dry Bulb Temperature
Air temperature as indicated by an
ordinary thermometer

Wet Bulb Temperature

Relative humidity as indicated by a wet
bulb thermometer
Dehumidify
Removing of water vapour from the
environment or atmosphere

Humidify
Adding of water vapour to the
environment or atmosphere
Sensible Heat
• A term used in heating and cooling to
indicate any portion of heat which
changes only the temperature of the
substances involved
or,
• Heat that changes the temperature of
a substance when added or removed
from it
Latent Heat
Heat characterised by a change of state
of the substance concerned, for a
given pressure and always at a
constant temperature for a pure
substance i.e. heat of vaporisation
or,
Heat that does not affect the
temperature of a substance but
changes the state when added or
removed from it
Total Heat
Summation of Sensible and Latent Heat

Total Heat = Sensible Heat + Latent Heat

Sensible Heat Factor ( S.H.F.)

Ratio of Sensible Heat to Total Heat

SensibleHeat
S.H.F. =
Total Heat
Total Cooling
Summation of Sensible and Latent
Cooling

Total Cooling =
Sensible Cooling + Latent Cooling
Basic Refrigeration Cycle
What is Refrigeration?

Can be Defined as:

The transfer of heat from a place

where it is not wanted to a place
where it is unobjectionable
 Basic Refrigeration Cycle High Pressure
Switch

Low Pressure High Pressure

Gas Low Pressure
Gas
Switch
Suction Line
Suction Line
Insulation Tube
Service Valve

Capillary Tube
Compressor Discharge Line

Evaporator / Condenser Coil

Cooling Coil

Liquid Line

Solenoid Valve Hand Valve

Sight Glass S H
Low Pressure
Filter Drier
Liquid Thermostatic
Expansion Valve High Pressure
Liquid
Functions Of Components
The Compressor

• Heart of the Refrigeration System

• Pumps refrigeration through the system
• Function is to take refrigerant vapour at
a low temperature and pressure and
raise it to a higher temperature and
pressure
The Compressor

• Pressure and temperature of refrigerant

at evaporator are lowered, allowing it to
absorb heat from its surroundings

• Pressure and temperature of the

refrigerant in the condenser are raised
sufficiently to allow it to give up heat to
air or water at existing temperatures
 Floating Seal

Discharge Port
Scrolls

Motor
Suction Port

Oil

Sample of compressor
The Condenser

• Part of the System where heat is

rejected by, as the name implies
condensation

• Primary purpose is to liquidify the

refrigerant vapours
Types of condensers

• Air cooled

• Water cooled
Thermostatic Expansion Valve

• Means of metering the flow of liquid

refrigerant to the evaporator

• Small units uses a capillary tube

The Evaporator

• Any device in which a refrigerant is

boiled for the purpose of removing heat
from a surrounding medium

• Absorbs heat from the conditioned

space
Types Of Air Conditioning Systems
Types Of Air Conditioning Systems

• Physical Aspects of Space or Building to

Accommodate Equipment
• Most Suitable Air Conditioning System
• Air Cooled
• Water Cooled / Glycol
• Chilled Water
Air Conditioning
Unit

Air Cooled
Condenser

Typical Air Cooled System

with Vertical Air Discharge
Air Conditioning
Unit

Air Cooled
Condenser

Typical Air Cooled System

with Horizontal Air Discharge
Air Conditioning
Unit

Air Cooled
Condensing Unit

Typical Air Cooled Split System

Air Conditioning
Unit

Radiator /
Drycooler

Typical Water Cooled System

with Radiators / Drycoolers
 Cooling
Tower

Air Conditioning
Unit

Typical Water Cooled System

with Cooling Tower
Air Conditioning
Unit

Cooling
Tower
Water Cooled
Chiller

Typical Chilled Water System

with Water Cooled Chiller
Air Conditioning
Unit

Air Cooled
Chiller

Typical Chilled Water System

with Air Cooled Chiller
Types Of Air Distribution
Types Of Air Distribution

• Physical Aspects of Space or Building to

Accommodate Equipment
• Most Suitable Air Distribution System
• Upflow / Free Blow
• Downflow
• Ducted
 Upflow - Front Return

Ceiling Void

Load Aircon Unit

Underfloor
 Upflow - Underfloor Return

Ceiling Void

Load

Underfloor
Upflow - Horizontal Discharge Plenum

Ceiling Void

Horizontal
Discharge
Plenum

Load Aircon Unit

Underfloor
 Downflow - Top Return

Ceiling Void

Supply Air Grille Load

Underfloor
 Downflow - Room Return

Ceiling Void

Load Load Aircon Unit

Underfloor
Downflow - Ducted / Ceiling Return

Ceiling Void

Load Load Aircon Unit

Underfloor
 Ducted

Ceiling Void

Load Aircon Unit

Underfloor
 The
Millenniu
m
Backlit LCD Display 4 Programming Keys

LARGE GRAPHICAL DISPLAY

ON / OFF Key MUTE Key

GRAPHICAL DISPLAY ICONS & FUNCTIONS
Unit functions are indicated via icons. These are:
UNIT RUN - shown when Unit fan(s) are running

COOL - shown when cooling demand is greater

than 0%
HEAT - shown when heating demand is greater
than 0%
HUMIDIFY - shown when humidification demand is
greater than 0%
DEHUMIDIFY - shown when dehumidification demand is
greater than 0%
ALARM - shown when an alarm condition is
present
 SOFTWARE MENU STRUCTURE

• The parameters are held in four levels

are listed below.
• Software Level 1
• Software Level 2
• Software Level 3
 SOFTWARE LEVEL 1

• Software Level 1
• Setpoints
• Software Version
• Display Groups
• Time Control / System Clock
 SOFTWARE LEVEL 2

• Software Level 2
• Cooling / Heating Control Parameters
• Humidity / Dehum Control Parameters
• Ambicool Control Parameters
• Temperature / Humidity Alarm Bands
• Hours Run Reset
• Input / Output Status
Fire Suppression Systems
Fire Triangle

Fuels may be in the forms of Gases,liquids or solids

Heats is needed to raise the fuel to its ignition
temperature
Oxygen- 16 % is required. Air contains 21 %

When three elements are present a chain reaction

occurs thus causing fire.

By removing one side of the fire triangle, a fire can

be suppressed.
Fire Suppression Guidelines
• Able to extinguish fire outbreak within raised floor and above
it
• Interlocks are in place to prevent accidental gas discharge
• Dedicated extraction system to remove gas after discharge
• Able to detect early signs of smoke with HSSD/ VESDA
• Has main fire indicator panel detailing all zones for visual
alert
• Safe for people, does not damage equipment
• Environmentally friendly
FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
•FM200
•FE13
•INERGEN
Major Components of Fire Suppression
Systems

• Fire alarm Panel

• Flashing Light
• Bell
• Piping
• Cylinder & solenoid actuator
• Heat detector
• Smoke detector
• Suppression agent
• Discharge nozzles
Function of various components
• Fire alarm Panel
 Act as a central processing module to link and
coordinate between various components.
 Serves as a status indicator and control panel

• Flashing lights
 Visual alert to indicate whether the room is
safe to be entered
• Bell
 Audio alert to indicate the fire status

• Piping
 Media connected between cylinder and discharge
nozzle for discharge of suppression agent

• Cylinder & solenoid actuator

 Storage of suppression agent
• Heat Detector
 Device to detect presence of heat and if
the pre-determined value is met, it will
trigger signal.

• Smoke detector
 Device to detect presence of smoke and
if the pre-determined value is met, it
will trigger signal.
• Suppression agent
 Material used to extinguish fire.

• Discharge nozzle
 It is the place where suppression agent
release and spread into the protected
area.
Fire Suppression Systems
Central Monitoring Systems
FACILITY MONITORING SYSTEM
•TREND DC MONITORING SYSTEMS
DATA CENTRE MONITORING SYSTEM

• Monitor Status of UPS, Genset, Precision Air-con

• Monitor Electrical Main Incoming and Breaker
• Monitor Status of Room Temperature and Humidity
• Water Detection System
• Monitor Fire Alarm Panel Status and HSSD Panel
• Intrusion Monitoring
• Generation of customised DataBase & Graphics
DCMS Software
Water Detection Systems
Objective

• To have early alert should there be

any sign of water
leaking/accumulation at the
sensitive area
Typical installation
Aqua Alarm control Panel
Working principle

• Based on the open circuit & short

circuit methodology
• When the cables are dry, resistance
is high causing open circuit
• Once there is a water presence and
touch on the cables, the resistance
will drop causing complete circuitry.
What is TVSS and SPD ??

• TVSS
• Transient Voltage suppression
System

• SPD
• Surge Protection System
Service Products offered
by

Technical Services Division

Service Products

 Maintenance services
 Power Audit services
Facilities assessment
services
Why “Maintenance services” ???

 Protect the valuable data by

ensuring that the UPS system
will perform accordingly when
required. No surprise!!

 Extend the life span of the

components of the UPS systems
Maintenance services

 PowerCare Premier24
 PowerCare Premier8
 PowerCare Prestige24
 PowerCare Prestige8
PowerCare Premier24

7 by 24 service around the clock

 2-4 hours on-site response
 full part coverage (except batteries)
 Quarterly Preventive Maintenance
 Unlimited Remedial Maintenance
 Computerized Call Tracking System
PowerCare Premier8

 5 by 8 service
 2-4 hours on-site response
 full part coverage (except batteries)
 Quarterly Preventive Maintenance
 Unlimited Remedial Maintenance
 Computerized Call Tracking System
PowerCare Prestige24

 7 by 24 service around the clock

 2-4 hours on-site response
 No part coverage
 Quarterly Preventive Maintenance
 Unlimited Remedial Maintenance
 Computerized Call Tracking System
PowerCare Prestige8

 5 by 8 service
 2-4 hours on-site response
 No part coverage
 Quarterly Preventive Maintenance
 Unlimited Remedial Maintenance
 Computerized Call Tracking System
Why “Power Audit services” ???
 Health check of the entire
power network so that pro-active
measurements can be taken to
reduce downtime and increase
availability
 Accurate and fast tackling and
tracing of the power problems to
reduce downtime
Why is this possible ???
 Thanks to the Most Sensitive Power
Network Analyzer that can:

 Capture the events in detail even before

the triggering
 Zoom into the trouble area for further
analysis
Topas 1000 Power Network
Analyzer
Power Audit services
 PowerHealth
Serves as an annual health
check on the power quality of
the entire power network
 PowerCheck
To troubleshoot intermittent
and permanent power problems
Power Audit Rates
Product Scope of work Service Insurance
Rate (RM)
(RM)
PowerHealth Conduct power quality
analysis according to
5000.00 80.00
the EN 50160 standard.
Needs to capture 7
days data. A proper
report will be given

PowerCheck Troubleshoot and 1000.00 for 80.00

diagnose power related 1st day.
problem. A proper Subsequent
report will be given
day RM
750.00 per
day
Legend

Quantity L1 L2 L3 Sum Measuring method Unit

V Output Oscilloscope 156 µs [V]

--
V Input Oscilloscope 156 µs [V]
--
I Output Oscilloscope 156 µs [A]
--
I Input Oscilloscope 156 µs [A]
--
ABC’s UPS voltage waveform
Zoom into trouble area: ABCs’s UPS
Powerware UPS voltage waveform
EN50160 power quality bar graph
Q&A
Thank You